摘要
我国现行退休制度雏形形成于20世纪50年代,制定的依据是建国初期的社会经济发展状况,法定退休年龄标准源于当时的人口平均寿命,这一制度曾对保障老年人养老起到了一定的积极作用。随着社会和经济的不断发展,我国现行退休制度自身存在的诸多弊端逐渐显露出来,如提前退休普遍化、退而不休、男女退休年龄不相同等,不仅与人口平均寿命提高、受教育时间延长的发展趋势不一致,而且浪费了大量人力资源、加重了养老金支付负担,也突显出了男女退休不一致问题。滞后的退休制度已成为制约我国就业市场良性运行、减轻养老金支付压力、实现社会公平的重要瓶颈因素之一。为了促进现代经济的发展,应对日益加重的老龄化水平,现行退休制度亟待改革。我国有必要对现行退休制度做出调整,实施弹性退休制度。本文从退休制度的变迁过程入手,审视了我国现行退休制度存在的问题,通过对我国退休制度的梳理,在借鉴学术界已有研究成果的基础上,以我国人口平均寿命延长为出发点,参照其他国家的做法,经过深入分析,论证了实行弹性退休制度与人力资源利用、劳动力市场供求、男女同龄退休的关系；阐述了实行弹性退休制度的必要性,提出了实行弹性退休制度需要考虑的因素和方案设计,探讨了适时实施弹性退休制度对减轻养老保险负担、促进社会经济发展的重要作用。
Chinese current retirement system formed in the 20th century, the embryonic form of the 50's and is based on the development of the early founding of the socio-economic development situation, the statutory retirement age standards derived from the average life expectancy of the population at that time, the system has played an endowment to protect the elderly positive role. With the continuous social and economic development, Chinese current retirement system, the existence of the many drawbacks of its own to reveal themselves gradually, such as the universalization of early retirement, retired, retirement age for men and women differ not only increase the average life expectancy of the population, education time extension of the development trend of inconsistency, but also waste a lot of human resources, has increased the burden of pension payments, but also highlighted the inconsistencies of the retired men and women. Lag in the retirement system has become a healthy job market constraints to run our country, reducing pressure on pension payments, the realization of social justice a major bottleneck in one of the factors. In order to promote the development of the modern economy, to deal with ever-increasing levels of the aging of the current need to reform the retirement system. China there is a need to adjust the current retirement system, the implementation of a flexible retirement system. In this paper, the changes in the course of the retirement system to start, look at our country's current problems in the retirement system, retirement system of the sort in our country, in drawing on the results of academic research has been based on the average life expectancy of our population as the starting point, in the light of other countries have done a thorough analysis, demonstrated that the implementation of a flexible retirement system with the use of human resources, labor market demand and supply, the relationship between men and women of retirement age; on the implementation of the need for a flexible retirement system, put forward a flexible retirement system and the need to take into consideration program design, timely implementation of a flexible retirement system to reduce the burden of old-age insurance, and promote the important role of socio-economic development.
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