摘要
油气田地质对象的三维建模和可视化技术是地学研究的前沿领域,被列为国家863计划“数字油气田关键技术研究”项目的重点攻关内容。其目标为应用计算机三维可视化技术,把油气勘探开发中的大量地质对象及数据以三维的方式进行集成展示,使地学工作者能更直观的了解目标研究区已知的各种地质成果及数据,从而为石油勘探开发提供更好的决策支持。油气田地质对象三维建模及可视化技术是一个涉及多个专业领域的复杂的系统工程,涉及的内容十分广泛。地表关键导航数据的组织及可视化、地下地质对象的三维建模及可视化是与油气田生产密切相关的关键技术,因此其研究对数字油气田的理论和实践都有重要意义。
本文在对国内外油气田多源、异构、海量的数据特点和数据服务技术、地面地下地质体建模技术、石油行业的三维可视化工具及软件等现状的深入调研的基础上,分析了数字油气田的关键地质体的可视化需求,研究了地震数据体、油藏数值模拟成果、储量数据、地层构造、油藏剖面图等关键地质对象的三维建模及可视化方法,实现了基于可视化方法的油田勘探开发地质对象三维可视化程序。本文所进行的开拓性和探索性的工作主要如下:
1)针对油藏数值模拟数据提出了八叉树与LOD相结合的OCTLOD数据组织方法,该方法实现了超大规模数据量的油藏数值模拟模型的三维可视化与交互,并且能够有效地控制内存占用率,并满足展示和交互的性能要求。
2)基于LDM的数据组织、基于面绘制与体绘制的三维可视化技术对地震数据体的组织及可视化方法研究,探索了ROI三维定义、任意测线三维空间交互等技术。
3)基于边界表示模型实现了油田的探明储量的可视化,提出了多边形柱状模型,并实现了定制查询、与层位和井筒的集成展示,很好的满足了地质综合研究人员和储量管理人员的需求。
4)在对油田行业多种成果图件研究的基础上提出了基于约束Delaunay三角形算法的构造图在三维空间的精确重现,很好的解决了构造图件中的断层的表达问题。基于栅格图像及坐标映射方法实现了实现油藏剖面图的三维集成展示与交互。
5)实现了油田勘探开发地质对象三维可视化三维程序的编写,设计了系统的构架,提出了基于数据服务层和按数据类型插件化的设计方法,满足了数字油气田中数据和交互方式复杂多变的需求,实现了易扩展的三维可视化程序框架。
本文的地震数据体的交互技术、油藏数值模拟成果的多尺度分块组织技术、储量数据的展示模式设计与国内外的同类软件相比具有创新性,三维程序框架结构设计合理,易于扩展,本文中的研究和总结的关键技术都已经在国家863计划的重点项目“数字油气田关键技术研究”中初步示范应用,实践证明是非常有效的。
Three-dimensional modeling and visualization technology for the geological objects of oil-gas field is frontiers in the earthgeo-research, which is listed as the key research content in the national 863 project - "Key Technologies Research of Digital Oil-gas Field". By using 3D visualization technology, large numbers of geological objects in oil-gas field are constructed into three-dimensional images, so geoscientists can gain a deeper understanding of the generation, development and influence of various geological phenomena, which plays a crucial role on petroleum exploration and development. This paper mainly focused on key navigation data of surface in oil field exploration and development, three-dimensional modeling and visualization of underground geological objects, and the key technologies in software implementation, which have the theoretical and practical significance in oil and gas fields.
This paper had an in-depth research on several current situations such as multi-source, heterogeneous, vast amounts of data characteristics and data services technology of the domestic and foreign oil-gas field, geological modeling technology of both surface and underground, 3D visualization tools and softwares in the oil industry and so on. From the beginning of visualization requirements of the key geological bodies in oil-gas fields, this paper analyzed seismic volume, reservoir simulation results, reserve data, stratigraphic structure and reservoir profiles, studied the three-dimensional modeling and visualization technology of these objects and raised the design and implementation method to extensible three-dimensional program framework. The innovative and exploratory work is mainly as follows:
1) In the seismic data, three-dimensional display technology mainly focused on the LDM data organization, surface rendering and volume rendering, ROI three-dimensional definition, interaction of arbitrary line in 3D space.
2) In the reservoir simulation model visualization,OCTLOD data organization techniques with the combination of the octree and LOD was put forward, which has achieved reservoir simulation model of very large data in three-dimensional visualization and interaction and can effectively control the memory occupancy.
3) In visualization technology of proved reserves in oilfield, by using boundary representation model, the polygonal cylindrical model was designed to achieve three-dimensional display of reserve data. By customizing the query, displaying and interacting with layers and the wellbores integration, which could successfully meet the needs of geological comprehensive researchers and reserve managers to understand reserve information.
4) A wide range of map formats were studied in oil industry, by digitalizing the structural map and using Delaunay triangulation algorithm, then the precise review of structural map was implemented in the three-dimensional space. Through using the spatial method to reservoir profile, the integration display and interaction of reservoir profile was completed.
5) In digital oil-gas field, the easiest to change is data and interactive means, therefore the data services layer and data type plug-in design method were induced in the three-dimensional programe framework, which implemented easily extensible visualization framework.
Seismic data interactive technology, multi-scale block tissue technology of reservoir simulation results, the display mode design of reserve data are innovative, comparing with similar software abroad. The three-dimensional visualization program framework has a rational structure design and is easy to expand. The researches and key technologies summarized in this paper have already demonstrated initially in the key projects of the national 863 program "Key Technologies Research of Digital Oil-gas Field", and it is very effective in practice.
引文
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