山西省民营和个体医疗服务的作用和范围研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本研究是关于卫生保健私有化问题的研究,由于涉及我国卫生事业的性质—“我国卫生事业是政府实行一定福利政策的社会公益事业”,社会各界对于民营医疗服务的规范、发展态度不一。本研究在对民营和个体医疗服务(Private Medical Practice,PMP)现状调查的基础上,进一步明确民营医疗服务(PMP)的利用情况、作用和范围以及社会各方面对民营医疗服务的态度和期望,为卫生部门制定有关民营医疗、医疗机构分类管理等政策提供依据。
     本课题通过对民营医疗服务(PMP)的利用分析,结果显示最近一年内到民营医疗机构就诊的人占全部就诊人数的25.57%,农村地区为36.34%,城市为14.71%。选择民营医疗的原因:民营医疗为患者提供了一种选择、方便快捷、收费灵活、费用相对合理、服务质量好等,民营医疗服务在我国卫生保健系统中起辅助作用、补充作用,具体体现在地理位置上、就诊时间上、服务项目上。在农村地区,民营医疗在一定程度上提高了居民利用医疗服务的可得性、可及性。
     在居民意向调查中,多数居民认为公立医院的技术水平高,私营医疗机构服务质量高,说明公立医疗机构和民营医疗机构竞争在于医疗技术和非医疗因素两方面。在非医疗方面,利用卫生系统反应性的测量方法,对公立和私立医疗服务在卫生系统非医疗需求合理期望的八个方面进行了比较。结果显示,我省私立医疗机构除基本设施质量(QBA)和选择性(CCP)不及公立医疗机构外,其它六方面包括尊严(DIG)、保密性(CON)、自主性(AUT)、沟通(COM)、及时性(PRO)、社会支持(SSN)均优于公立医疗机构。说明私营医疗机构更注重“以病人为中心”、“保护消费者权益”,注重满足消费者的非医疗需求,以此来吸引更多的患者。在有就诊经历的患者中,39.82%的患者愿意把私营医疗机构的医生推荐给自己的朋友或家人,愿意推荐公立医疗机构医生的为35.13%。农村居民(87.24%)比城市居民(78.67%)更看好公立医疗机构的技术水平,但农村选择民营医疗机构的比例(25.17%)却高于城市(16.06%)。如此悬殊的反差说明,非医疗因素占优势的私营医疗服务比技术水平占优势的公立医疗服务更能吸引患者。
     79.86%的居民认为承受不了现在的医疗费用。对民营医疗机构费用合理性的认同率高于公立医疗机构。最近一年内未就诊患者中60.53%的人因为费用太高,即使是费用相对低廉的民营医疗服务也难以承受,解决这部分人的健康问题是实现医疗服务公平性的重点。
    
    山西医料大学 硕士学位论文2002
     民营医疗机构的发展给医疗市场带来的竞争有利于提高我国公
    立医院的管理水平、增加医疗服务市场的竞争意识、顺应市场需要
    的灵活性‘’“,特别是我国加入世界贸易组织(WTO)后,民营医疗
    服务在一个公平、公正的竞争环境中,可能会有更大的发展,甚至
    象民营医疗投资者所设想的“民营医疗将是医疗卫生保健体系的重
    要组成部分”。
The research is about the scope and role of private medical practice(PMP).Based on the investigation of its present situation, we pinpoint the current utilization, role and scope of PMP , attitude and expectation of the patients .doctors , PMP investors and officials towards PMP. The objective of this study is to provide evidence information for health bureau to establish policy on private medical practice and medical institutions classification administration.
    Through the analysis of PMP utilization, this study shows the amount of patients who had gone to private medical institutions in last year occupied 25. 57% of all. patient who had used medical service and the ratio in rural areas (36.34%) was higher than in the city(14. 71%). The reason why the consumers use private medical service was PMP providing a choice, its convenience and high efficiency, flexible and relative reasonable charge models, good quality of health service etc. Private medical service plays an assistant and supplemental role in health care system in China, especially embodies in location of institutions, work time and service items. Furthermore, PMP improves accessibility to medical service in rural areas.
    In resident willing investigation, mostly consider the technical level of public medical institutions are higher than PMP while service quality of private medical institutions are better . It is to say that PMP and public medical institutions compete more than medical technique. In non-medical factors, eight aspects of reasonable expectation of PMP and public medical service in Shanxi province are compared through responsiveness measure of health system . The result indicates that dignity(DIG) , confidentiality(CON) , autonomy(AUT) , communication(COM) , prompt attention (PRO), social support networks(SSN) in PMP are better than public medical service while quality of basic amenities (QBA),choice of providers(CCP)are worse. PMP pay more attention to "patients as center", "protect consumers' rights and interests" and to meeting non-medical demand of consumers. Among the patients
    
    
    
    who used medical service, 39.82% are willing to recommend the PMP doctors to their friends and families, but merely 35.15% are willing to recommend the doctors of public medical service .The amount of people who consider technique level of public medical service better in rural areas (87.24%) are higher than in the city(78. 67%).But rural residents(25.17%) are more willing to choice PMP than citizen (16. 06%). Thus great disparity shows the advantage of non-medical factors attract patients more than medical factors.
    79.86% residents consider that they can't afford current medical charge, but the identity rate to PMP are higher than to public medical practice. Among the people who need but don't see a doctor, because of high fee-for-service, 60. 53% can't afford relatively inexpensive private medical service. These people are emphasis population to implement equity of health service.
    The development of PMP promote public hospitals improve administration level, increase competing consciousness in health care market, acclimate market demands. Especially after our country joining WTO, PMP will develop furthermore in an equity and just circumstance, even becomes "the important integral part" just as the prediction of PMP investors.
引文
1.《中共中央、国务院关于卫生改革与发展的决定》
    2.吴诗权 周国彬等.卫生机构所有制改革与实现形式多样化探讨,卫生经济研究.1999;6:9-11
    3.杨泉森.民营医院面临选择:营利还是非营利——关于浙江民营医院发展的调查与思考.健康报.2001:327期第2版
    4.杨泉森.对民营医院发展方向的思考.卫生经济研究.2002;3:12-13
    5.王保真.6所民营医院的调查分析.中国卫生经济.2002;21(1):52-54
    6.郭小景.多元医疗挑战谁.北京青年报.2002.3.3第22版
    7.常文虎 张正华.2000年世界卫生报告给我们的启示.中华医院管理杂志2001:17(5):261-264
    8.李士雪 曲江斌等.卫生系统的反应性——概念与测量.中国卫生经济.2001:2:44-46
    9. WHO. The World Health Report 2000—Health Systems: Improving Performance.
    10.曲江斌 李士雪等.世界卫生组织关于卫生系统反应性测量的策略.卫生经济研究.2001;5:9-11
    11.赵郁馨 2000年世界卫生报告带给我们的新启示.中国卫生资源.2001;4(1):6-7
    12.胡善联.评价卫生系统绩效的新框架—介绍2000年世界卫生报告.卫生经济研究.2000;7:5-7
    13.任苒 卫生系统绩效评估及其思考—《2000年世界卫生报告》的启示与思考.医学与哲学.2001;22(4):19-21
    14. De Silva. A framework for measuring responsiveness. Geneva, World Health Organisation, GPE Discussion Paper No. 32. Geneva, WHO, 2000.1.
    15.卫生部《中国民营和个体医疗服务的作用和范围研究》内部资料.
    16.施学钟 李颖琰等.郑州市卫生系统反应性模糊综合评价.
    17.李国红 胡善联等.上海市病人反应性的分析.中华医院管理杂志.2002;18 (5):312-316
    18. Murry CJL & Frenk J.A WHO framework for health system performance assessment. GPE Discussion paperNo. 6. Geneva, WHO, 1999.11.
    19.兰迎春 葛洪刚等.积极探索医院共公有制的多种实现形式.中国卫生经济.1998:4:14-15
    20.代涛.关于营利和非营利性医疗机构有关问题的思考.中国卫生事业管理2000:7:390-392
    21.卫经人医疗机构分类管理若干问题研究.中国卫生经济.2000:3:7-9
    
    
    22.陈曙光 张德孝.四川省县级医院院长对医院改革与发展的看法及态度.中国卫生事业管理.1999:6:297-299
    23.徐凌中 邴媛媛.卫生服务的公平性研究进展.中华医院管理杂志.2001:17(5):265-267
    24.8部委.关于城镇医药卫生体制改革的指导意见.
    25.王盼.卫生服务的公平与效率.中国卫生经济.1998:11:8-10
    26.李克两.卫生保健的私有化:拉丁美洲的教训.医学与哲学.1997;198(11):586-588
    27.陈宁姗.马来西亚私立医院发展带来的政策矛盾.国外医学卫生经济分册.1996:16(1):37-39
    28.石俊仕 孟庆跃等.我国农村个体性质开业医的历史、现状及发展趋势.中国农村卫生事业管理.1999:19(4):15-16
    29.石俊仕 刘兴柱等.村级卫生机构所有制类型的界定研究.中国农村卫生事业管理.1999:19(4):17-18
    30.石俊仕 刘兴柱等.个体开业医支付制度研究.中国农村卫生事业管理.1999:19(4):19-20
    31.石俊仕 孟庆跃等.村级卫生机构提供预防保健工作意愿比较研究.中国农村卫生事业管理.1999:19(4):21-22
    32.孟庆跃 刘兴柱等.不同所有制形式村级卫生机构医疗质量比较研究.中国农村卫生事业管理.1999:19(6):16-17
    33.石俊仕 孟庆跃等.不同所有制形式村级卫生机构提供过度医疗的测量和比较研究中国农村卫生事业管理.1999:19(6):18-19
    34.石俊仕 孟庆跃等.影响村级卫生机构提供预防保健意愿因素研究.中国农村卫生事业管理.1999:19(6):20-21
    35.徐士清 徐义华.浅谈建立公有制为主体,多种所有制共同发展的医疗服务体制.中国卫生事业管理.1999:9:455-457
    36.叶露.阿尔及利亚急需对私立卫生服务进行改革.国外医学卫生经济分册.2000:17(4):183-188
    37.周良荣.医疗机构分类管理的几个问题.中国卫生经济.2000:19(11):19-20
    38.葛丕.试论现行医疗收费价位与我国所有制形式多样化的不协调性.中国卫生经济.1999;18(8):23-24
    39.王小万.美国营利性医院评价.中国卫生经济.2001:20(4):50-52
    40. Barry Render Ralph M. Stair, JR. Quantitative Analysis for Management Fifth edition