摘要
我国是地方性氟中毒危害最严重的国家之一,我国氟中毒无论就其覆盖面积和影响人群都较广泛而且严重,是我国政府要重点控制的地方性疾病。与以往对饮水型和燃煤型氟中毒的研究对比发现,饮茶型氟中毒在相同剂量的氟摄入水平下,氟中毒表现症状更为严重。因此本文选取了内蒙古两个典型的饮茶型氟中毒病区作为研究对象,通过对比研究弄清不同区域的地理环境特征以及多种生命元素对饮茶型氟中毒的影响,并查明饮茶型氟中毒氟、铝联合作用的病理特征,作用机制及其影响因素。主要得出以下成果:
(1)发现所调查的两个典型饮茶型氟中毒地区环境样品中各元素均在正常参考范围或接近于正常参考值,食物链中茶水、粮食、蔬菜中各元素含量都小于或者接近于正常参考值。
(2)饮茶型氟中毒发病情况与牧民的年龄性别无关,只与饮茶年限即茶氟在身体内的累计摄入量有关。
(3)通过两个病区相应的饮茶组与对照组的比较发现,饮砖茶可以导致人体头发中F、Al和Mn的蓄积,导致人体尿中F和Al的升高。通过饮茶型氟中毒患者体内元素的相关分析,发现伴随着F、Al元素的蓄积,会同时引起Ca、K、Fe等元素的流失,患者体内元素的代谢发生了不平衡。
(4)通过对两个病区内饮茶摄入量与氟中毒病情的相关分析,发现F、Al等元素对饮茶型氟中毒病情存在着联合作用,茶水中F、Al和Mn含量的增高,可能促使氟骨症的发生。
(5)饮茶型氟中毒发病与饮茶有关因素的回归分析表明,年龄和性别不是饮茶型氟中毒的危险因素,而饮茶量和居住年限是饮茶型氟中毒的危险因素,且氟中毒的严重程度与发F、尿Al的含量存在着统计学关联,头发中F的含量越高,尿中Al的含量越低,氟中毒病情越重。这表明当氟中毒程度加重的时候,F和Al元素能够一同在体内积蓄,可能对饮茶型氟中毒病人的病情产生联合作用。
China is one of the worst which are suffering from serious endemic fluorosis, its coverage area widely and its impact on humanbeing badly, which is endemic desese that Chinaese government has been paying more attention to control. In the past study on drinking water and coal type fluorosis comparative found that in the same dose of fluoride intake of fluoride poisoning the symptoms of the brick tea type fluorosis was more serious. So this paper has been selected two typical tea-fluorosis areas in Inner Mongolia as research objects, clear comparative study of different geographical characteristics of the region as well as a variety of tea-life elements on the impact of fluoride poisoning, and to identify brick tea type fluorosis fluoride, aluminum and the pathological features of the mechanism and its influencing factors. The main results are shown as followings:
(1) The contents of the elements in environmental samples of the typical two-brick tea type fluorosis areas are in the normal reference values, or close to normal, and that in the food chain containing tea, grain and vegetables is less than or close to normal reference values.
(2) The tea incidence of fluorosis, which is unrelated to sex and age, is only related to the tea and the total intake tea fluoride in the body.
(3) Through comparison of the tea group and the control group, brick tea drinking can lead to elements of F, Al and Mn accumulation in human hair, resulting in increasing of F and Al in human urine. By the correlation analysis of elements in patients of fluorosis, found that as the accumulation of F, Al elements, it will cause Ca, K, Fe and other elements of the wastage of elements in patients that the metabolic imbalance occurred.
(4) Through the correlation analysis of the tea intake and fluorosis disease in two of the region, found that F, and Al in brick tea type fluorosis joint disease, and the increasing of elements of F , Al and Mn content can lead to the occurrence of skeletal fluorosis.
(5) The regression analysis of the relevant factors in tea intaking and the incidence of the brick tea type fluorosis showed that age and gender is not the risk factors of the brick tea type fluorosis, and the intaking of tea and the age of residence are risk factors, and the extent of the brick tea type fluorosis relate to the F in hair and the Al in urine. As the increaing of the content of F in hair, the content of Al in urine decreases and the more severe fluorosis disease. It shows that as the worse in fluorosis, the accumulation of the elements of F and Al in body may have a joint role to the condition of the brick tea type fluorosis.
引文
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