摘要
本文以海带为原料，制备缓蚀剂和吸附剂。通过加热提取和生物降解两种方法，并加入不同防腐剂，制得三种缓蚀剂，分别以处理过的海带和未处理的海带做吸附剂。
在10％的盐酸中，以失重法对三种缓蚀剂的缓蚀效果分别进行测试，测试温度范围为20℃到70℃，结果发现，两种方法制得的缓蚀剂对A3钢都有一定的缓蚀效果，尤以生物降解得到的缓蚀剂效果较好，而且缓蚀效果受温度影响小，可以达到90％以上。以制得的缓蚀剂与乌落托品和苯骈三唑复配使用，测试其协同作用效果。结果发现该缓蚀剂与乌落托品有很好的协同作用，试剂3与乌落托品的协同作用效果可达到97％。
分别以处理过的海带和未处理的海带做吸附剂，对Fe~(2+)、Fe~(3+)和Cu~(2+)进行吸附实验，未处理的海带对三种离子的饱和的单位吸附量顺序是Cu~(2+)(4.83mg／g)〉Fe~(3+)(4.32mg／g)〉Fe~(2+)(3.42mg／g)。并测试了温度、pH值对吸附的影响，结果发现，鲜海带对三种离子的吸附都吸附受温度和pH值的影响，吸附能力随pH值升高而增加，在一定温度范围内，升高温度有利于吸附。
缓蚀和生物吸附过程符合Langumir模型，可见这两个过程的实质是单分子化学吸附。
Corrosion inhibitors and absorbent were gotten from kelp in this paper; the corrosion inhibitor was gotten by heating or decomposition the kelp, the dry kelp or fresh kelp were used to absorb the Fe2+, Fe3+ or Cu2+.
The inhibition efficiency of the three corrosion inhibitors, which used in acid cleaning of A3-steel, was calculated using weight loss measurement in 10% Hydrochloric Acid, the experimental temperature rang from 20 ℃ to70℃, the experiment time was one or two hours. Result showed that the inhibitors can inhibit the corrosion of A3-steel in Hydrochloric Acid, the inhibition efficiency of the inhibitor could get over 90%, and the inhibition efficiency was affected by temperature weakly and irregularly. The inhibition efficiency of the inhibitors combined with hexamethylenamine and benzoltriazole was studied. Experiment showed that the corrosion inhibitors could combine with hexamethylenamine very well, the inhibition efficiency could get 97%.
Absorption experiment was carried out using dry and fresh kelp. Result showed that the fresh kelp can absorb Fe2+ Fe3+ or Cu2+ and the order of uptake is that Cu2+ (4.83mg/g) Fe3+(4.32mg/g) Fe2+(3.42mg/g). The effect of PH and temperature on the removal was studied, the removal of Fe2 Fe3+ and Cu + is effect by temperature and pH, the removal of Fe2+ Fe3+ or Cu2+increase with the increase of temperature and pH
The both process of corrosion inhibiton and biosorption congruent is well with Langmuir model, so it shows the mono-molecula chemical adsorption between kelp and metal is more inportant in the both process.
引文
1 郑怀礼，龙腾锐，舒型五．论可持续发展战略与水污染控制规划．世界科技研究与发展，2001(6)：26-29
2 王鼎臣，杜文学．论水处理技术发展与水处理装备更新．水处理技术，1996，22(4)：217-220
3 杨志明，薛志钢．浅议“清洁生产”思维在环境影响评价中的应用．环境保护，1996,11：28-31
4 陆柱．绿色化学及其技术在水处理的应用．精细化工，2000,17(9)：515-518
5 I.L.Rosenfeld. New Data on the Mechanism of Metals Protection with Inhibitor. Corrosion, 1981,37(7):371-376
6 J.P.G,Farr, M.Saemi. Molybdate in Aqueous Corrosion Inhibition Ⅰ: Effect of Molybdate on The Potentiondunamic Behaviour of Steel and Some Other Metals. Surface Technolge, 1983,19:137-144
7 Henry, Leidheisev, A Review of Proposed Mechanisms for Corrosion Inhibition and Passivation by Cations. Corrosion. 1980,36 (7):339-345
8 M.A.Strznick. The Corrosion Inhibition of Metals by Molybdate. Corrosion, 1984, 40 (6): 296-302
9 李田，董秉直，高宗林等．钼系复合缓蚀剂软化水水质稳定的动态模拟研究．工业水处理，2000(6)：9-12
10 刘正宝，顾雷英，施兵兵．钼系复合型阻垢缓蚀剂的缓蚀性能研究．工业水处理，1995(3)：11-14
11 李燕，陆柱．钨系水处理缓蚀剂的研究与应用．水处理技术，2000(6)：321-325
12 龙一波．缓蚀剂及其在工业上的应用．现代涂料与涂装，1999(4)：29-32
13 T. Kodama. Effect of Molybdate Ion on the Repassivation Kinetics of Ion in Solutions Containing Chloride Ions. Corrosin, 1977, 33 (5):155-161
14 龚浩，马仁川，钼系缓蚀剂的缓蚀作用与机理
15 陈民生，戴秋秋，严莲荷．钼膦系药剂缓蚀协同效应的研究．工业水处理1999，19(4)：26-28
16 陈旭俊，徐越．乙醇胺钼酸盐的缓蚀作用与机理，中国腐蚀与防护学报，1995，15(4)：279-284
17 高延敏，陈家坚，雷良才．有机缓蚀剂分子在金属表面的学吸附过程和分子设计分析．中国腐蚀与防护学报．2000，20(3)：142-148
18 A.Y. Eletre. Nature Honey as Corrosion inhibitor for Metals and Alloys Ⅰ: copper in Neutral Aqueous Solution. Corrsion Science, 1998, 40(11):1845-1850
19 A.Y. Eketre, M.Abdallah, Nature Honey as Corrosion Inhibitor for Metals and Alloys Ⅱ: C-Steel in high saline water. Corrosion Science,2000, 42:731-738
20 张万友，王中秋等．植物性缓蚀剂的研究与应用．工业水处理，1996，16(1)：22-23
21 肖遥，郭稚弧，谭晓明等．天然单宁改性水处理剂的制备及应用．工业水处理，1998，18(3)：20-25
22 G.Matamala, W. Smeltzer, G.Drogutt. Comparison of Steel Anticorrosion Protection Formulated with natural Tannins extracted from acacia and from pine bark. Corrosion Science,2000, 42:1351-1362
23 王晓军，萧锦．改性天然高分子酸缓蚀剂的长效缓蚀性能研究．华南理工大学学报，1998，26(10)：71-75
24 马伟，华南理工大学博士后研究报告，1998，11
25 马伟等，发明专利：00110394．6,一种天然高分子水处理剂与磁场共同用于水处理的新方法。
26 马伟，发明专利：01106148．0,用天然高分子制备缓蚀剂的方法。
27 Ray H.Crist,Karl Oberholser, et.al.. Nature of bonding between metallic and algal cell walls. Environ. Sci. Technol.1981,15:1212-1217
28 Jesus R, Lujan, Dennll, et.al.. Metal Ion Binding by Algae and Higher Plant. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchenge, 1994, 12(4):803-816
29 吴涓，李清彪等．重金属生物吸附的研究进展．离子交换与吸附，1998，2：180-187
30 Filip,Daniel S;Peter, Thomas,et. Al,. Residual Heavy Metal removal by and Algae-Intermittent Sand Filtration System. Water Research, 1979,3(3):305-313
31 V. Laube;S.Ramamoorthy, et al. Mobilization and Accumulation of Sediment Bound Heavy Metals by Algae. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1979, 21(6):763-770
32 Han-Bin,Xue;Stumm,Werner. Binding of Heavy Metals to Algal Surfaces, Water Research, 1988,22 (7):917-926
33 Y.P. Ting;F. Lawson,et.al, Uptake of Cadmium and Zinc by the Alga Chlorella Vulgaris: Part 1 Individual Ion species, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 1989, 34(7):990-999
34 A.Jeffrey, Titus;M Robert,Pfister, . Effects of pH, Temperature, and Eh on the Uptake of Cadmium by Bacteria and an Artificial Sediment. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 1982, 28 (6):697-704
35 M.Tsezos and B.Volesky.,The Role of Chitin In Uranium Adsorption by R. arrhizus, Biotechnol.,Bioeng., 1983, 25:2025-2040
36 M.Galun,E.Galun,P. Keller. D.Malki.. Removal of Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Penicillium Biomass: kinetic and Uptake Parameters. Water Air Soil Pollut., 1987, 33:359-371
37.A.B.Norberg ,H.Persson,.Accumulation of Heavy-Metal Ions by Zoogloea Ramigera. Biotechnol.Bioeng, 1984, 26(3):239-247
38 M.Tsezos. Recovery of Uranium from Biological Adsorbent-desorption Equilibrium, Biotechnol., Bioeng.,1984, 26 (8):973-981
39 Z.R.Holan,B.Volesky, I.Prasetyo. Biosorption of Cadmium by Biomass of Marine Algae , Biotechnol, Bioeng, 1993,41:819-825
40 Benjamin Greene, Michael Hosea et.al.. Interaction of Gold(I) and Gold(III) Complexes with Algal Biomass,Eniron.Sci.Technol.,l 986,20 (6) :627-636
41 Eric,Fourest;Bohumil,Volesky. Contribution of Sulfonate Groups and Alginate to Heavy Metal Bosorption by the Dry Biomass of Sargassum fluitans.Enviromental Science and Technology, 1995, 30 (l):277-282
42A.M,Deshkar;S.S.Bokade;S.S.Dara, Modified Bardwickia Binata Bark for Adsorption of Mercury (II) from water, Water Research, 1990, 24 (8) : 1011-1016
43Vahid,Majidi;A.David,Laude,et.al.. Investigation of the Metal-algae binding site with 113Cd nuclear magnetic resonance. Environmental Science and Technology, 1990,24 (9) :1309-1312
44Oiming Yu,Jose T.Matheickal,PingheYin and Pairat Kaewsarn. Heavy metal uptake capacities of common marine macro algal biomass Water Res. 1999,33:1534-1537
45 Huang J.P.,Huang C.P and Morehart A.L. Removal of Cu(II) from Dilute Aqueous Solutions by SaccharomycesCerevisiae . Water Res,1991,24:433-439
46 J.L. Gardea-Torresdey et al.. Characterization of Cr(VI) Binding and Reduction to Cr(III) by the Agricultural Byproducts of Avena Monida (oat) Biomass. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2000, B80:175-188
47 Z.R.Holanand B.Volesky. Biosorption of Lead and Nickel by Biomass of Marine Algae.Biotechnol, Bioeng, 1994, 43:1001-1009
48 Charlos D.Scott. Communication to the Editor Removal of Dissolved Metal by Plant Issue. Biotechnol.Bioeng 1992,39:1064-1608
49 Jesus R.Lujan,Dennis W,Darnallet.al. . Metal ion Binding by Algae and Higher Plant Tissues. A pHenomenological study of solution pH dependence Solvent Extactionand ion Exchang, 1994,12 (4) : 803-806
50 Hong-kang Wang and John M. Wood. Bioaccumulation of Nickel by Algae, Environ Sci. Techno], 1984, 18(2) 106-109
51B.voIesky,H.May,and Z.R.hoIan. Cadmium biosorption by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biotechnol. Bioeng, 1993,41:826-829
52 甘景镐，甘纯玑，天然高分子化学，高等教育出版社，第一版(1993) : 163
53水和废水监测分析方法。中国环境科学出版社，第三版(1989) :163,178
54吕战鹏，彭芳明，新型咪唑啉缓蚀剂的合成、结构表征及缓蚀性能研究。第八届全国缓
蚀剂学术讨论会 1993．11：43-49
55 Gadd G. M and Griffiths. A.J. Microorganisms and heavy metal toxicity. Microb. Ecol. 4:303-317