微生物药剂在非金属矿选矿中的应用研究
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摘要
矿物的微生物加工技术是一门新兴的矿物加工技术,它包括微生物浸出技术和微生物浮选技术。前者在50年代出现,并已在铜,铀,金矿中得到工业应用,后者在80年代出现,目前尚在实验室研究阶段。微生物药剂在选矿中的应用是指将微生物技术与传统的选矿工艺(主要指浮选)结合起来进行矿石处理。目前国内外关于微生物药剂的研究主要集中于金属矿,非金属矿方面很少,特别是建材类非金属矿方面,国内的研究工作尚未见报导。
     微生物药剂对人体无害,又可被生物降解,无二次污染,能耗少,易于采取生物工程手段实现产业化,因而具有广阔的发展前途。
     本课题的主要任研究内容包括两部份:一、从微生物样品来源中筛选出具有优良活性的微生物药剂产生菌,对其产微生物药剂的培养条件进行优化,并对该微生物药剂提取和纯化进行成份分析研究。二、对几种非金属矿物进行微生物选矿的应用试验研究。
     通过对微生物药剂产生菌的富集培养和筛选分离,得到33株符合菌落特征的菌株。又经过筛选,获得13株微生物药剂产生菌,它们对高岭土的絮凝活性均在75%以上。
     通过试验得出微生物药剂产生菌(BF3-3)产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件:培养基起始pH为7.5,培养时间为24h,培养温度为30℃,摇床转速为170r/min,培养基用量为100ml(250 ml三角烧瓶中)。
     所得到的微生物药剂(MBF3-3)对非金属矿悬液的处理达到了传统絮凝剂的效果,有可能作为新一代絮凝剂用于非金属矿选矿废水的处理。
     MBF3-3微生物药剂在超细高岭土选矿中有极好的抑制作用,比传统的水玻璃抑制效果更好。其最佳使用条件为pH=6,微生物药剂用量为2ml/100g矿样。
    
     武汉理工大学硕士学位论文
     在理论研究方面,采用紫外光谱分析、红外光谱分析以及化学分析等方
    法,研究了所制备的微生物药剂的物质成份,并结合其在几种不同的非金属
    矿选矿物过程中所起作用,对微生物药剂与矿物的作用机理进行了探讨。
Microbial technology in mineral processing is a rising subject including microbial leaching and microbial flotation. The former appeared in 50'th and has been used for industry application in copper,uranium and gold mines. The latter appeared in 80'th and is in the lab research stage now. Presently the research of microbial agency in mineral processing at home and abroad has focused on metals minerals,but not nonmetallic minerals,especially on architectural material (kaoline,clay ,quartz ,etc.) ,the domestic research has almost been vacancy.
    The microbial reagent's flotation has such advantages:no toxicity,no second pollution,low energy consumption ,be easy to achieve industrialization through biology engineering,and be bio-decomposed. Therefore ,it would have a good development.
    The content of this research include two parts:(1) Screening the microorganism that can produce the microbial reagent we need from the microorganism sample,select the best microorganism and optimize its culture condition .On the basis of the microbial reagent has excellent activity,distill and purify the reagent from the culture medium,give qualitative analysis of its ingredient .(2) the task is studying on microbial reagent at some nonmetallic mineral,which include microbial flocculating in some nonmetallic mineral suspension and as a new-microbial-type depressant in the kaoline flotation.
    The results of the enrichment culture and screening of the microorganisms that can produce microbial reagent is:33 bacterial strains were separated according to the characteristics of the bacterial communities. After screening,13
    
    
    bacterial strains were gained. Their flocculating activities are all over 75%.
    The studies of the best culture condition of the microorganisms(BF3-3) which produce the microbial reagent suggest that the best culture condition of BF3-3 is initiative pH is 7.5,culture time is 24h,culture temperature is 30 ,rotation speed 170r/min,the dosage of the culture (in 250ml flake) is 100ml. The gradients of BF3-3's culture medium is:sucrose 40g,sodium nitrate 0.5g,yeast extract 2g,MgSO47H2O 0.25g,KH2PO40.5g,initial pH 7.5.
    The flocculating effect of microbial reagent MBF3-3 on some nonmetallic mineral reached the traditional flocculants. Therefore ,it maybe used to flocculating some nonmetallic mineral waster water as the new generation flocculant.
    The study of microbial flotation at kaoline suggest the MBF3-3 microbial reagent can effectively depress kaoline.
    In the theory study ,the author analyzed and summarized the achievement reports and explain the mechanism of the microbial reagent's floculating and flotating in the nonmetallic mineral.
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