天津市滨海新区可持续发展与水资源合理配置研究
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摘要
水资源是人类生存环境的基本要素之一,是人类生存和发展不可缺少、不可替代的自然资源。随着我国社会经济的迅速发展,水资源的供需矛盾日益突出,将成为我国社会经济发展的重要制约因素。自1994年天津市滨海新区正式建区以来,经济发展势头迅猛,成为天津市经济发展的重要保证。但由于滨海新区内水资源短缺以及水环境污染严重,严重影响了滨海新区未来的可持续发展。为此,本文在水资源合理配置以及相关理论的基础上,探讨了缓解滨海新区水资源问题的途径,主要内容包括:
     (1)以大系统观思想为指导,阐述了基于宏观经济的水资源系统的涵义。阐述了水资源合理配置研究的主要内容以及国内外研究历史。概述了水资源合理配置研究的理论基础。
     (2)介绍了滨海新区自然经济概况,对滨海新区可持续发展的优势与挑战进行了分析,并在此基础上提出了对滨海新区进行水资源合理配置研究的重要意义。
     (3)运用灰色系统理论,对滨海新区2005、2010、2020年的经济社会发展主要指标进行了预测,并在此基础上,对滨海新区未来的水资源供需做了分析。需水预测分为工业、农业、生活与生态环境四部分进行。考虑到滨海新区生态现状,对生态环境需水量做了重点分析。根据水资源的供需分析的结果,指出滨海新区未来的缺水程度将逐步加剧,并指出了由此带来的问题。
     (4)在滨海新区水资源供需分析的基础上,从污水资源化、海水淡化、节水农业、用水结构分析等几方面探讨了滨海新区水资源合理配置的内容,并提出了配水方案。
     (5)对文章所得结论和尚待进一步研究的问题进行了论述。
Water resource is the fundamental element of life-support surroundings to the human being, and also is the indispensable natural resource to the development of human's society. With the rapid development in economy and society in China, the conflict between the supply and the demand of water resource is becoming serious , consequently it will affect our country's constant development in economy and society. Since the formal establishment in 1994, BinHai district has experienced rapid economic growth and has become important part of Tian Jin city. For the reason of the scarcity and pollution of water resource in BinHai district, the ability of sustainable development in this area has been undermined. So, based on the theory of rational allocation of water resource and other relative theories, this paper mainly discussed ways of resolving water problems in BinHai district including:
    1. Directed by the method of Complex Systems, this paper explained definition of the water resource system, which is based on the macroeconomics, and the main contents and history of the research on rational allocation of water resource. This paper also introduced some theories on which the research of rational allocation of water resource based.
    2. The paper outlined the nature and economy in BinHai district and analyzed both the advantage factors and disadvantage factors of sustainable development in this area. Based on these analyses, this paper explained why such research on water resource is so important to BinHai district.
    3. Using models from Gray System method, this paper calculated the main index of society and economy as well as the demand and the supply of water resource in BinHai district in 2005,2010 and 2020. The calculation of water demand and supply is carried out by four parts, which is water for industry, water for agriculture, water for life and water for eco-environment. Water demand for eco-environment is carried out elaborately because of the existing environment problems in BinHai district. According to the results of these calculation ,the paper concluded that the scarcity of water resource in BinHai district will become more serious in near future.
    4. The paper also discussed ways to resolve water problems in BinHai district including sewage reusing , seawater desalination , water saving agriculture and then put forward a suggested plan for water allocation in this area.
    5. At last ,the paper presented some conclusions of this study and problems that need further research.
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