摘要
目的：近些年来许多研究都证实了生长因子作为唾液中的一种固有成分在保持口腔和上消化道粘膜的完整性，伤口愈合和组织修复方面起着重要作用。然而，有关生长因子在唾液和唾液腺中的分布、表达及其来源、分泌等生物学功能，知之甚少。本研究将着重研究表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor(EGF))，碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF))，类胰岛素生长因子1(insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ))和转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor beat 1(TGF-β1))在正常人体唾液中的分布和表达特点。第一部分：定量测定这四种生长因子在无刺激总唾液(whole saliva(WS))，腮腺唾液(parotid saliva(PS))以及颌下腺和舌下腺唾液(saliva from the submandibular and sublingual glands(SMS+SLS))中的分布浓度。第二部分：研究bFGF和成纤维细胞生长因子受体1、2、3和4(FGFR1、FGFR2、FGFR3和FGFR4)在大鼠唾液腺中分布及表达特点。
方法：应用自己制作的特殊的一次性器械，分别收集11个正常人体WS，PS和SMS+SLS唾液。采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)方法，定量测定EGF，bFGF，IGF-Ⅰ和TGF-β1在唾液中的浓度。应用免疫组化和RT-PCR的方法研究bFGF和FGFR1，FGFR2，FGFR3和FGFR4在成年大鼠腮腺和颌下腺中的免疫组化定位和mRNA表达。
结果：在11个测试对象，33份检测标本中，EGF可以被全部检
测到。bFGF在三份标本，IGF一I在一份标本，而TGF一即在所有的标
本中的浓度值都低于本实验所采用的检测方法的下限，而无法检测
到。其中，EGF在PS中的浓度是在WS和SMS+SLS中的4倍:IGF一I
在PS中的浓度是在WS和SMS+SLS中的2倍:bFGF在三种唾
液中的浓度无明显差别。
bFGF和FGFRI，FGFRZ，FGFR3和FGFR4在成年大鼠腮腺
和领下腺的各级腺管上皮细胞均有较强的特异性免疫染色。在成年大
鼠腮腺和领下腺可以检测到bFGF和FGFRI，FGFRZ，FGFR3 mRNA
表达。
结论:生长因子EGF，bFGF和IGF一I，作为正常人体唾液中
的组成部分，来源和存在于不同唾液腺来源的唾液中。而腮腺似乎是
EGF和IGF一I的主要来源。bFGF均衡来源于三大唾液腺。成年大鼠
腮腺和领下腺是合成、分泌bFGF的重要源泉。
Objective. The purpose of this study was: (1) to quantitatively determine the concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor beat 1 (TGF-β1), and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in normal human whole saliva (WS), parotid saliva (PS), and saliva from the submandibular and sublingual glands (SMS+SLS). (2) to study the occurrence , localization and mRNA expression of bFGF and FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4 in adult rat salivary glands. Material and Methods. WS, PS and SMS+SLS were collected from eleven healthy volunteers. The EGF, bFGF, IGF-I and TGF-pl were measured with ELISA technique. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR methods were used to detect the immunoreactivity localization and mRNA expression of bFGF and FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, FGFR4 in adult rats parotid and submandibular glands.
Results. EGF in PS was 4-fold higher than that in WS and in SMS+SLS. The IGF-I in PS was almost 2-fold higher than in WS and in SMS+SLS. The concentration of bFGF in WS was similar to that in PS and in SMS+SLS. The TGF-pl was below the detection level.
Immunohistorchemical localization of bFGF and FGFRS in rat salivary glands revealed specific immunostaining of the granular ductal cell of the parotid and submandibular glands. RT-PCR amplification of total RNA from the parotid and submandibular glands of rats demonstrated the presence of bFGF and FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFRS mRNA. Conclusion. Our studies show that the parotid gland seems to be the major source of EGF and IGF-I, suggesting a major importance of these glands in the growth factor balance of the oropharyngx and upper digestive tract. Salivary bFGF probably originates equally from all major salivary glands.
Our studies suggest bFGF and FGFRS could be endogenous synthesis by rat salivary glands. Thus, salivary glands appear to be an exocrine source of the bFGF in rat saliva.
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