摘要
为了实现热化学洗涤法净化油泥、回收石油资源，选取某油田落地油泥，采过标准筛、粒度测量等方法进行成分分析，将分析结果作为确定该含油污泥的清洗工艺的必要参数。
以清洗后泥砂中的残油率为指标，分别考察了工艺运行中温度、搅拌时间、pH、搅拌强度、泥水比等参数的变化对落地油泥清洗效率的影响，来确定最佳工艺条件。在最佳工艺条件下，选取十一种化学药剂，进行了药剂筛选实验。用筛选出来的清洗药剂进行药剂复配实验，确定了最佳清洗剂的配方。对配方中影响效果最大的硅酸钠进行了清洗条件实验。
(1)成分分析结果，研究所用含油污泥样品的固体成分含量较大，颗粒粒径主要在0.125～0.250mm范围内。含油率为17.5％，主要为可萃取油，水含量较少。含油污泥分段灼烧实验可知，350～500℃时灼烧的油分最多。根据含油污泥的组成成分，研究选取了热化学清洗工艺处理该含油污泥。
(2)油泥清洗工艺参数实验，确定最佳工艺条件，温度70℃，搅拌时间30min，搅拌强度36.3s~(-1)，pH=9，泥水比1：5。
(3)药剂筛选实验中，阴离子表面活性剂AEO-9，NP-10及分散剂硅酸钠的清洗效果较好，洗后的残油率都在2％以下。
(4)用筛选出来的阴离子表面活性剂AEO-9，NP-10及分散剂硅酸钠进行药剂复配实验，确定了最佳清洗剂的配方，①3(AEO-9)：1(NP-10)：6(Na_2SiO_3)；②1(AEO-9)：3(NP-10)：6(Na_2SiO_3)。以上两种配方均可使洗出泥残油率可降至0.4％以下，且混合药剂中的硅酸钠对药剂的清洗效果影响较大。
(5)影响硅酸钠清洗效率实验。实验结果，硅酸钠的最佳清洗条件为温度60℃，搅拌时间40min，搅拌强度40s~(-1)，pH=9，浓度2g／L，泥水比对硅酸钠的清洗效果影响较小。
含油污泥的清洗是一个复杂的动力学多相流过程，工艺参数和化学药剂是两大重点和难点。清洗化学药剂的筛选涉及物料运移和分离等方面因素，在药剂筛选时应依据现场工艺条件，以实现污泥净化和石油回收两方面最大程度的兼顾。
For the purpose of oily sludge detergency and recovery of oil content using chemical heat washing process, the research chooses oily sludge and analyses the ingredient of them by standard griddle, microgram measurement etc. Then according to the result we choose the proper process of oily sludge treatment.
Using the residual oil percentage of treated sludge, the study investigates the influence factors including agitate temperature, agitate time, pH, agitate intensity, solid-liquid ratio, reagent concentration etc. on the efficiency of oily sludge washing and conducts to optimize the process parameters. In these optimize parameters we selected surfactant from 11 chemistry doses. By a mixture surfactant from above selected surfactants, a serious of experiments were conducted to determine the optimal ratio of each component. Then we did optimize parameter experiment to Na_2SiO_3 which dominates the washing efficiency of mixture surfactant.
(1)According to the analyses of ingredient, the oily sludge used in the experiment contain a lot of solid. And the main granule size is 0.125-0.250mm. Oil concentration is 17.5%. The most ingredient of the oil in the oily sludge is extractable oil. There is little water in the oily sludge. According to the oven drying experiment, the burned oil is the most in 350-500℃. Based on the ingredient of oily sludge we chose the hot water washing process as the process of oily sludge treatment.
(2)The oily sludge washing experiment indicated that the optimal efficiency of oily sludge washing was achieved when agitate temperature was at 70℃, agitate time 30min, agitate intensity 36.3s~(-1), pH=9 and solid liquid ratio 1:5.
(3)The washing effect of anion surfactant AEO-9, NP-10 and dispersant Na_2SiO_3 was better than others. By using above chemistry dose the oil concentration in treated sludge would less than 2%.
(4) By a mixture surfactant from above three components, a serious of experiments were conducted to determine the optimal ratio of each component, and results supported two surfactant dispensing (1)3 (AEO-9) : 1 (NP-10) : 6 (Na_2SiO_3); (2)1 (AEO-9) : 3 (NP-10) : 6 (Na_2SiO_3). Under this condition, the residual oil percentage of treated oily sludge may be less than 0.3%. And the Na_2SiO_3 dominates the washing efficiency of mixture surfactant.
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