摘要
勃利盆地是黑龙江省东部最大的中生代断陷盆地。盆地北侧为剥蚀边界,西南为依兰～勃利断裂,南侧为兴农～兴凯断裂,东南侧为裴德断裂。盆地内断层很发育,地质构造非常复杂。
勃利盆地地处的黑龙江省东部是我国东北中生代唯一具有海相沉积的地区,沉积相类型复杂而齐全,海相、陆相、过渡相频繁交替,独具特色。勃利盆地的发展总体可分为裂陷初始期、裂陷扩大期、扩张沉降期、拗陷萎缩期四期。
勃利盆地的煤系地层包括鸡西群和龙爪沟群,以含煤地层厚度大、分布广、含煤层数多、煤种齐全为主要特征。鸡西群分布于西部桦南拗陷和中部七台河拗陷内,龙爪沟群主要分布于宝密拗陷内。各岩组均含煤,但以城子河组含煤性最好。
勃利盆地在黑龙江省东部诸盆地中,具有沉降时间早、沉积厚度大、海侵次数多、海侵范围广、火山活动强烈等特点。盆地沉积演化受构造演化控制明显。
勃利盆地基底由元古界、上古生界、上三叠统以及元古代~印支期花岗岩共同组成。充填在盆地内的地层主要有下白垩统龙爪沟群和鸡西群、下白垩统桦山群、上白垩统、第三系及第四系。盆地南部下白垩统较发育,北部缺失七虎林组,东部缺失穆棱组。
勃利盆地各组地层的厚度、几何形态、堆积性质和相互关系所构成的地层格架,显示了断陷—拗陷型盆地的沉积充填特点。沉积地层厚度总体上具有东厚西薄、南厚北薄的特点。
勃利盆地的煤层聚集是在近海区。海平面升降形成海侵-海退沉积旋回,控制煤系地层的沉积,形成海陆交替相沉积聚煤层序。盆地充填序列为滴道组(海侵期)、城子河组(海退期),为内陆平原和滨海平原聚煤,形成大型聚煤盆地。穆棱组为内陆盆地陆源碎屑沉积。
勃利断陷盆地内,聚煤带和富煤中心是受盆内次级同生隆起和凹陷控制,因此勃利断陷盆地内在同一时期并不是整个盆地全部聚煤,而仅在盆地某一部位聚煤,而聚煤带内尚有富煤中心与贫煤区的分别,因此从全盆地角度讲,勃利盆地的煤层都是局部可采煤层。
Boli Basin, in the east of Heilongjiang Province, is the largest fault basin in mesozoic. The denudation boundary located in north of the basin, the Yilan ~ Boli fracture in the southwest, the Xingnong~ Xingkai fracture in the south and the Feide fracture in the southeast. The faults in the basin are very developed and geological structures are complicated.
Located in the eastern of Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China, Boli Basin is the unique area contained the marine sedimentary in Mesozoic. Complex and complete sedimentary facies--marine, continental and transitional were frequently alternating. Boli Basin’s development can be divided into four stages: early chasmic stage, expansion chasmic stage, expansion sedimentary stage and depression dwindling stage.
Coal measure strata of Boli Basin include Jixi group and Longzhaogou group. The coal-bearing strata’s main features are large thickness, wide distribution, multiple coal seams and complete coal type. Jixi group located in western Huanan depression and central Qitaihe depression. Longzhaogou group mainly located in Baomi depression. All of petrofabric contains coal, but the best is Chengzihe formation.
It is the characteristics of Boli Basin in the eastern part of Heilongjiang Province’s various basins that settlement earlier and sediment thickness, multi-transgression, transgressive wide range, intense volcanic activity ect. Sedimentary basin evolution is obviously controlled by the tectonic evolution.
Boli basin basement is constituted by Proterozoic, together with upper Paleozoic, upper Triassic and Indo-Proterozoic granite. The major strata filling in the basin are Longzhaogou Group and Jixi group of Lower Cretaceous, Hua shan group of Cretaceous, Upper Cretaceous, Tertiary and Quaternary. Lower Cretaceous in the southern Basin is developed, but the northern missing seven Hulin formation and eastern missing Muling formation.
The stratigraphic framework which is made up of thickness, and geometry, accumulation of the nature, relationship in Boli Basin shows faulted-depressed basin sedimentary filling characteristics. Overall thickness features of sedimentary strata in the east, south are thicker than north and west.
Belts of coal bed accumulated in Boli Basin are offshore water. The regressive~ transgressive sedimentary cycle that formed by sea level uplift and sag controled deposition of coal seams, formed poly sea coal deposits alternating sequence. Basin-fill sequence is Didao (transgression period), Chengzihe (regression period) that contained coal from the interior plains and coastal plains, formed a large coal basin. Muling formation is clastic deposition form inland basin.
In Boli Faulted Basin coal-accumulating belt and rich coal center is affected by basin in subprime homozygous uplift and sag control. So in the same period it is not the whole basin all coal-accumulating, but only in a part basin coal-accumulating. Coal-accumulating belt have coal center difference with the poverty. Therefore, from the perspective of the whole basin Boli Basin coal seam layers are locally.
引文
[1]韩春花.勃利盆地中生界地质特征及油气资源潜力分析[s].吉林大学硕士论文,2005.
[2]翟光明.中国石油地质志(卷二·大庆油田)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1987:775-777.
[3]陈明.西藏中生代措勤盆地的沉积演化[D].成都理工大学博士论文,2004.
[4]姜成才,翟淑清.勃利煤田鹿山区含煤地层特征[J].煤炭技术,2006,25(3):99–101.
[5]白元真,刘新功.勃利盆地煤层气资源远景初评[J].科技资讯,15460.
[6]董晓伟.佳木斯盆地地质特征及地热勘查远景分析[S].吉林大学硕士论文,2007.
[7]CAO Chen-run,SHAN Xuan-long,WANG Dong-po.The fault block’s framework in Boli Basin and its control over the deposition [J].J Geosci NE Asia,2001,4(1):13-19.
[8] CAO Chen-run,WU Wei,ZHENG Qing-dao.Coal-bed methane resource of Mesozoic basins in Jiamusi landmass[J]. J Geosci Res NE Asia,2002,5(2):138-141.
[9] YUAN Jiang-ying,ZHOU Yan-ru,LI Xiang-bo,et al.Structural analysis and petroleum geology assessment of relic basins[J].Oil & Geology,2000,21(1):13-18。2008,08-0126–02.
[10]韩春花,曹成润,曹宪双,等.勃利盆地中生界地质特征与油气资源量计算[J].世界地质,2004,23(4):365–370.
[11]王秀英,姜成才.勃利煤田地质特征及找煤远景[J].煤炭技术,2001,20(9): 40–42.
[12]孙伟,冯彬.勃利煤田煤质规律的初步探讨[J].煤炭技术,2006,25(1):100–102.
[13]杨起.中国煤变质作用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社.1996.
[14]苏现波,陈江峰,孙俊民等编著.煤层气地质学与勘探开发[M].北京:科学出版社.2001.
[15]赵庆波等.煤层气地质与勘探技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社.1999.
[16]韩德馨主编.中国煤岩学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社.1996.
[17]齐君.勃利煤田龙西井田煤层对比[J].黑龙江科技信息,2004,(10):207.
[18]季玉富,林宽华,夏罗.测井曲线在龙湖煤田勘煤层对比中的应用[J].煤炭技术,2003,22(2):96-98.
[19]温泉波,刘永江.鸡西、勃利盆地白垩纪砂岩的物源分析及构造意义[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2008,1009—3850(2008)03-0052-08
[20]吕宗扬,唐际舜.应用测井曲线分析煤田沉积环境[J].东北煤炭技术,1996,(3):58-63.
[21]高迪.泛三江盆地早白垩世层序古地理与聚煤作用研究[D].中国矿业大学(北京)博士论文,2010.
[22]孙玉成.鸡西盆地城子河组煤层聚煤规律分析[J].煤炭技术,2008,27(8):128-130.
[23]孙伟.勃利煤田地质特征及找煤方向[J].煤炭技术,2006,25(3):93–96.
[24]冯贺斌,王建国,李广双.勃利煤田岩浆岩[J].黑龙江科技信息,2002,(6):132.
[25]姜成才,王秀英,翟金贵.勃利煤田侵一地质时期的探讨[J].煤炭技术,2001,20 (9):35–37.
[26] Swanson B F. Visualizing pores and nonwetting phase inporous rocks[J ] . Journal of Petroleum Technology ,1979 ,31 ,10 - 18.
[27]李子俊,姜剑虹.三江—穆棱河中晚侏罗世沉积体系与聚煤模式[J].东北煤炭技术,1996,(3):9-18.
[28]王洪林,唐书恒,林建法.华北煤层气储层研究与评价[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社.2000.
[29] Schowaltes. Quantitative determination of pore structre and application to fluid displacement in reservoir rock[C] . North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoir -Ⅱ,1990 ,243 -2991.
[30]毛节华,许惠龙.中国煤炭资源预测与评价[M].北京:科学出版社.1999.
[31]万建华.东北晚中生代断陷盆地聚煤规律[J].煤炭技术,2008,27(9):119-121.
[32]孙德忠,姜成才,王永贵.东北晚中生代断陷盆地聚煤规律和聚煤模式[J].煤炭技术,2006,25(3):90-93.