摘要
本文采用了一种流动性较好的、低分子量的PVC树脂,并研究不同的改性剂对这种PVC树脂性能的影响。
PVC树脂及其改性剂经高速混合、挤出造粒、注塑成型的方式得到不同样品。研究了PVC树脂的加工工艺,并探讨了不同配比样品的力学性能、耐热性、毛细管流变性能和体系相容性的变化。结果表明：PVC/ABS合金和其他PVC样品使用不带止逆环的注塑机注射时样品的稳定性较好；透明ABS树脂和非透明ABS树脂所制备的PVC/ABS合金的拉伸性能、弯曲性能都随着ABS含量的升高呈下降的趋势,然而其耐热性提高,合金的流动性也变得更好；PVC/ABS的质量比为40/60时相容性最好,此时合金的冲击强度最高；PVC/非透明ABS合金的流动性和冲击强度要好于PVC/透明ABS合金。随着体系中ACR添加量的增加,PVC/ACR样品的拉伸强度而下降；冲击强度升高,弯曲性能下降,样品的耐热性升高,流动性变差。PVC/水滑石样品的流动性在水滑石用量为1.5phr时最好；当水滑石用量在0.5phr～2.0phr之间变化时,样品的力学性能基本没有变化；PVC/水滑石体系微观上是一个均匀的体系。适当的增大碳酸钙用量,PVC样品的拉伸强度、冲击强度不会有太大的影响；样品的弯曲性能会有一定的升高,耐热性提高,流动性变差。在所研究的体系中,ABS树脂和ACR添加剂的用量对PVC样品的力学性能和耐热性的影响较大,尤其是冲击性能；在本研究的添加量范围内,水滑石和碳酸钙的用量变化对样品的力学性能没有太大影响。
In this paper PVC resin material of low Mw was used to get PVC samples, and the properties of different PVC samples and PVC alloy samples were studied.
The PVC samples were prepared through high speed blending、extruding granulation、injection moulding. Process technique、mechanical properties、heat resistance、compatibility、capillary rheometer property of the samples were studied. The results showed that:The stability of PVC/ABS alloy and other PVC samples were better when injected by injection molding machine without non-return sealing ring; The tensile strength and the flexural property of the two alloy which were prepared by the two different ABS resin decreased with the increasing amount of ABS, but the heat resistance and the flowability of PVC/ABS alloy increased; The impact strength reached maximum value when the ratio of PVC/ABS alloy was 40/60 and its compatibility was best at the same time; The flowability and the impact strength of PVC/transparent ABS alloy were better than PVC/non-transparent ABS alloy. With the increasing amount of ACR flexibilizer in the system, the tensile strength of PVC/ACR sample decreased, the flexural property decreased, but the impact strength of PVC/ACR sample increased; The heat resistance of PVC/ACR sample became better with more amount of ACR flexibilizer, the flowability of PVC/ACR sample became worse. When the amount of LDHs increased from 0.5phr to 2.0phr, the mechanical properties of the samples did not change basically; The best flowability was got when adding 1.5phr LDHs into the system; PVC/LDHs sample was complete homogeneous structure. The tensile strength and the impact strength of the PVC sample did not change a lot at when increasing the amount of CaCO3 filler from 4phr to 12phr; but the flexural property of the PVC sample increased to a certain extent; The heat resistence of the PVC sample became better when increasing the amount of CaCO3 filler, but the flowability became worse. For all PVC samples, the amount of ABS resin and ACR flexibilizer could effect the mechanical property and the heat resistence greatly, especially the impact property; The amount of LDHs and CaCO3 filler had a slightly effect on the mechanical properties of the sample.
引文
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