摘要
特高含水期油田具有储层动用不均衡、剩余油高度分散、局部富集的特点,油田后期开采难度越来越大,依靠常规挖潜技术很难实现油田的稳油控水。目前精细油藏描述技术已不能满足特高含水期对储层非均质性精细到微相和剩余油量化到井层的要求,为最大限度高效挖潜剩余油,需要发展现有精细油藏描述技术、精细数值模拟方法和调整挖潜技术。本文在精细沉积微相表征技术研究基础上,实现了基于相控模型的精细数值模拟,提出了砂岩油田特高含水期“提液、控水、治理、细分、测调”精细控水挖潜方法,优化了北一区断东高台子特高含水期精细调整挖潜方案和萨中开发区西区二元复合驱注入方案,为油田保持稳产提供了重要的理论和技术支持。取得的研究结果如下：
在全面调研水驱和化学驱数学模型及相关商业软件描述的渗流机理及物化现象基础上,确定选取驱油机理完善且能实现水驱和聚合物驱一体化模拟的VIP-polymer软件进行特高含水期水驱和聚合物驱精细数值模拟研究；能实现碱、表面活性剂和聚合物任意二元复合体系的模拟且所需物化参数容易获取的FACS软件进行水驱和聚合物驱后二元复合驱精细数值模拟研究。
基于北一区断东高台子储层精细解剖,建立了河流-三角洲沉积微相识别及划分标准和操作流程,形成了以亚相控制、成因约束、模式指导、微相表征为核心的沉积砂体精细识别与描述方法,实现了相渗赋值到微相、测试剖面到单元、剩余油量化到井层。以北一区断东高台子三维精细相控地质模型为基础,开展了精细数值模拟研究,明确了研究区各沉积单元的潜力类型。采用含水率等值图、剩余可动油比例等值图、采出程度等值图、含油饱和度等值图表征了研究区平面剩余油分布；采用精细数值模拟成果的小层含水率、产液比例、吸水比例建立辅助产液剖面和吸水剖面,表征了井和井组纵向动用差异和剩余油的分布；采用小层采出程度表征开发区块各单元储量动用程度和剩余油总量差异。
利用储层细分沉积微相和剩余油精细研究成果,提出了以治理高关井、套损井和低效井完善注采关系,注水井细分+浅调改善动用状况,配套实施采油井“提、控”措施为主要技术手段的精细控水挖潜方法,并优化了北一区断东高台子特高含水期精细调整挖潜方案。
建立了萨中开发区西区相控地质模型,选用VIP数模软件及FACS复合驱数模软件,结合动态监测资料开展了研究区水驱、聚合物驱和二元复合驱全过程跟踪拟合及预测,定量给出了研究区不同开发阶段剩余油分布,并优化了二元复合驱注入方案。得出结论如下：试验区聚合物驱增油33.32×104t,提高采收率11.82%；聚合物驱后化学驱合理控制条件是：界面张力10-3mN/m,阻力系数≥3；聚合物驱后二元驱试验区可提高采收率5.96%,累增原油16.48×104t；中心井区可提高采收率6.3%,累增原油4.33×104t；二元复合驱在经济和技术上都优于单一聚合物驱。
本文对于特高含水期油田剩余油精细挖潜、二元复合驱注入方案优化及聚合物驱后油田进一步挖潜剩余油具有重要的理论价值和指导意义。
With reservoir unevenly employed and highly scattered and locally enriched description of the remaining oil in the high water cut stage, the late oilfield exploitation is more and more difficult and it is rather hard to realize the stabilizing oil production and controlling water cut by conventional redevelopment technology. Now fine reservoir numerical simulation can't meet the demand for reservoir heterogeneity fined to microfacies and residual oil quantized to layers in high water cut period. In order to tap the remaining oil ultimately, it is necessary to develop existing oil-field fine reservoir description technology, fine numerical simulation method and adjusting tapping technology. In this paper,we achieve the fine numerical simulation based on facies-controlled model, put forward the fine water control and tapping method for high water cut stage of sandstone such as "extract, control, governance, subdivision and measured tone", and optimize the fine adjustment and tapping projects in high water cut stage in Duandong,Gaotaizi of Beiyi block and optimize the binary combination flooding injection projects in West block of Sazhong developing area. All of this provides important theoretical and technical support for oilfield to keep stable production. The main research results are as follows:
We should ensure to choose the VIP-polymer software which has perfect flooding mechanism and can realize water flooding and polymer flooding integration simulation on the basis of comprehensive research of the percolation mechanism, physical and chemical phenomena about the mathematical model of water flooding and chemical flooding and related business software. This software can complete the water flooding and polymer flooding fine numerical simulation in high water cut period and achieves the binary compound system simulation of arbitrary alkali, surfactants, and polymer. And we precede the fine reservoir numerical simulation of binary combination flooding by the FACS whose physical-chemical parameters are available after water and polymer flooding.
We have establish rivers-delta depositional microfacies recognition,the division standard and operation process,formed the fine recognition and description method which takes sub phase control, causes constraints, mode guiding, microfacies characterization as the core of these sedimentary sand and realized the relative permeability assignment to microfacies, test profile subdivided to unit and the remaining oil quantized to layers.
Base on the 3D fine facies-controlled model of Duandong,Gaotaizi of Beiyi block, we carry out the fine numerical simulation research and confirm the potential types of all the sedimentary units. It indicates the remaining oil plane distribution of research area by water cut equivalent figure, remaining and moving oil proportion equivalent figure, recovery degree equivalent figure, oil saturation equivalent figure. It also indicates the longitudinal employing difference and the distribution of remaining oil of single well and group by applying the fine numerical simulation results such as water cut ratio in small layers, liquid production proportion, water suction proportion to establish auxiliary fluid production profile and water suction profile. It also indicates the difference about reserve producing degree and the total amount of remaining oil in each unit of development blocks.
We put forward the fine water control methods mainly according to the following technology means such as:coping with the high shut-in well, casing collapse well and deficient well, perfecting the injection-production relation, subdividing the injection wells and trimming to improve the employing condition, supporting to implement the "extract, control" oil well measures. And we also optimize the fine adjustment and tapping projects in high water cut stage in Duandong,Gaotaizi of Beiyi block.
We have established the facies controlled geological model in West block of Sazhong development area and the VIP numerical simulation software and FACS combinational flooding software are selected. Combined with monitoring data, we carry out the entire process of tracking and prediction for water flooding, polymer flooding and binary combination flooding in the study area. The remaining oil distribution is researched and the binary combination flooding scheme is optimized. The conclusions are as follows:polymer flooding pilot area increased 333,200 tons of crude oil, enhanced oil recovery rate of 11.82%. After polymer flooding, the reasonable control of chemical flooding are required to satisfy the conditions of interfacial tension 10-3mN/m and resistance coefficient≥3. In the binary combination flooding test area after polymer flooding, oil recovery rate and cumulative crude oil can be enhanced 5.96% and 16.48×104t. In the central well Area, recovery can be improved of 6.3%, and cumulative crude oil is increased 4.33×104t. Binary flooding is superior to the single polymer flooding in both technology and economy.
This paper provides significant theory value and guiding significance for the further research of remaining oil tapped in the ultra-high water cut stage and after polymer flooding and the optimization of the binary combination flooding injection projects.
引文
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