摘要
土地资源是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础,是农业生产的基本资料,是国民经济各行业发展的基石。其位置固定性和面积有效性的特点,决定了我们不可能无限地开拓土地。我国是一个人口众多的发展中国家,更要十分珍惜和合理利用每一寸土地。
随着城市化进程加快,城市边缘不断外扩,农用地非农化的压力十分巨大。在此形势下,农地承包经营权流转在我国各地普遍展开,随之也引发了各种各样的问题,诸如农民权益丧失、土地撂荒现象、非法流转农地、农地用途违法改变等等,这些土地流转引发的问题危害到农民和农业的双层安全。
近年来,北京城区向外围拓展和建设加快,在面临前所未有发展机遇的同时,房山区的农地也面临着非同一般的非农化压力和诱惑。在这种压力和诱惑下,以房山区农地承包经营权的流转实践为研究对象,从理论指导和实际操作两个层次进行研究,不仅可以探索未来如何更好地指导规范房山区农地承包经营权流转,提高农地流转绩效,也可以为其他地区的相关问题研究提供范例和参考。
本文以土地产权理论、土地规模报酬递减等理论为指导,在我国农地承包经营权流转的制度、法律框架和背景下,在综合处理调查数据和实践案例分析的基础上,重点研究北京市房山区农地承包经营权流转所应具备的内外部条件以及流转中的主要问题与制约因素,并提出相应对策。研究得出,房山区的农地承包经营权流转从理论上讲是合理的,符合当前农业自身和农业外部环境的发展要求,农地承包经营权流转的权属经过了确权工作,权属清晰合理,流转存在合理的基础。双方流转土地的主要原因是流转条件成熟,从而实现了流转的自然发生。阻碍流转发生、影响流转效果的问题和制约因素都是存在于实践操作层面的,只要措施得当便可以解决或避免。
进一步地,本文认为,房山区的农地承包经营权在一定程度上是成功和顺利的,可为其它地区提供参考,但需指明的是,土地承包经营权流转是关乎农地使用效率、农村稳定和农业发展的重要领域,促进农地承包经营权流转需要具备相对严格的条件,如农地产权清晰、农民的非农就业渠道畅通、对土地的依赖性降低等,不可盲目推行。其次,在条件具备的情况下,促进农地承包经营权流转仍会出现不少实践操作问题和制约因素,应考虑当地特征、对症下药地解决。
Land resources is the foundation of human survive and development,is the basic material of agricultural production,is the cornerstone of national economic sectors' developmeng. Its characteristic of position immobility and area effectiveness,decides that we could not develop the land limitlessly. Our country is a developing country with a large population,we should sufficiently cherish and ressonably utilize each inch land.
Along with the urbanization process more quickly,the urban edge enlarged constantly,the pressure of agricultural land non-agriculturalized is enormous. In this situation, agricultural land contracted management circulation is popularly promotes in every province of our country,which triggers a great of problems,such as the loss of farmer rights,the phenomena of agricultural land abandoned,farmland Circulation illegally,use of farmland illegal changed,etc. These land circulation problems have threatened the safety of farmers and agruculture.
Recently,the procedure of Beijing urban area expansion and construction to the outskirts has speeded up with the unprecedented development opportunities for Fangshan District farmland,it also faces extraordinary Farmland non-agriculturalized pressure and temptation.Under this situation,based on the Fangshan District farmland contracted management circulation practice as the research object,this paper does some research from the two levels of theoretical guidance and practical operation. The values of this research not only can guide and regulate Fangshan District farmland contracted management circulation, improve the performance of farmland contracted management circulation, but also provide an example and reference for related problems in other areas.
This paper,on the advice of land property theory, decreasing returns to land scale theory,and etc,under the laws and regulations of the farmland contracted management circulation,based on the comprehensive survey data studies and practical cases analysis,pays emphasis on the internal and external conditions should have,and the main problems and constraints of Beijing Fangshan District farmland contracted management circulation,then draw the conclusions.The conclusion is below:the Fangshan District farmland contracted management circulation is reasonable from the theoretical view,corresponds with the development requirements of the agricultural internal development and agricultural external environment.the rights transfer of contracted management circulation is under the work of right confrom,with clear and reasonable ownership affiliation,is of the reasonal basis.The main resaon of the farmland contracted management circulation is of ripe conditions, so realize the circulation naturally.The problems and restricting factors of block circulation occurrence,affect circulation effects are on the implementing level,as long as we take proper measures,we can avoid and resolve these problems.
Furthermore,the paper argues that,Beijing Fangshan District farmland contracted management circulation is successful to some extent, can be as one reference to other regions,however,we should emphasize that the farmland contracted management circulation is the important area related to the agricultural land use efficiency,rural stability and agricultural development,it is of strict conditions to promote the farmland contracted management circulation, which is below:of clear stable farmland property rights system,some farmers to land dependence is reduced,unblocked channel to non-farm employment of farmers,should be prohibited to implement arbitrarily.Secondly,under the available conditions permitted,there still is of many practical operational problems and constraints to promote the farmland contracted management circulation,we should analysis the local conditions and characteristics,and take proper Measures to solve them.
引文
2刘杰：“中国农村土地改革历程回顾”,载《上海证券报》2008年11月17日
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