摘要
本课题以城市供水管网的运行状态为研究内容,为便于研究,建立了供水管网物理模型;基于该物理模型,进行供水管网的常规运行和漏损模拟实验;建立管网状态估计数学模型,并进行漏损状态分析;在此基础上开展了压力分布研究和管网水质模型研究,为实际供水管网的模拟和控制提供科学的方法和依据。
首先,基于管流的变态相似理论,推导供水管网原型和实验模型之间的各种相似关系,分析并确定了承压管网符合欧拉相似定律;依据管网的简化原则,对所研究区域复杂的管网进行简化,得到适合建立实验模型的管网简化结构;提出构建供水管网实验模型的具体方法和步骤,确定实验模型的变态率和具体参数;应用美国国家环境保护总局开发的管网模拟软件EPANET 2.0软件模拟管网运行情况,对比管网实验模型和原型的运行检测数据,证明模型的管道流量、流速指标能够与原型很好地满足相似关系,此模拟方法有效可靠。
其次,针对城市供水管网压力监测点设置较少,且采集的状态变量有限,不能全面有效地反映管网的运行状态这一实际情况,建立了基于粒子群优化算法(PSO)的BP神经网络状态估计模型。PSO是基于群体智能技术的全局优化技术,通过粒子间的相互作用,对解空间进行智能搜索,从而发现最优解。应用PSO对神经网络权值进行优化,建立PSO-BP神经网络。结果证明,PSO-BP方法具有满意的收敛速度和精度。
再次,采用多种方法进行管网模型的渗漏和爆管实验,在实验数据的基础上进行漏损的相关性分析。从供水管网的压力分布特性出发,提出了运用趋势分析法建立供水管网压力分布曲线和三维趋势面模型,讨论了模型求解的步骤。结果表明,该模型能够实现管网压力的连续性模拟,为解决城市供水管理和调度系统中管网压力模拟问题提供了一个新方法,增强了决策的科学性和准确性。
最后,介绍了余氯衰减数学模型。本文采用一级动力学方程对余氯在主流体和管壁中的衰减进行描述,建立余氯动态模型;模型考虑了管网中余氯沿管道水流的反应过程、余氯与管壁上微生物的反应过程、余氯在管壁腐蚀过程中的消耗以及余氯在主流和管壁之间的质量传输过程;利用EPANET 2.0模拟求解,并在物理模型的构架中,使用Matlab软件进行余氯分布模拟分析。
The research is mainly about operating state of the water distribution network, experimental model is established convenient for studying. General and leakage operating state are simulated in the experimental model, mathermatics model of the network state estimation is established also, Leakage state is analyzed, pressure distribution model and water quality model are based on experimental model, all of the study providing method and foundation for simulation and control of real water distribution network.
First, several different similarity relations between actual network and experimental model are deduced based on distorted similarity theory of pipe liquid, finally, Euler similarity theory is chosen to use. Network simplify theory is used in simplify the complicated network of this area, proper network structure is find for construction of experimental model, possible method and process are put constructing the experimental model of water distribution network, the distorted rate and parameter of experimental model are decided. EPANET software is used for simulating the operating state of water distribution network, well similarity relationship of pipe runoff and flow velocity between the model and the actual network as well as credibility of the simulation method are proved by the operating and monitoring data.
Secondly, owing to less monitoring nodes in water distribution network, the collected state variables are limited and can’t effectively reflect the operating state of the network, so a BP state estimation model based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is established. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is a kind of stochastic global optimization based on swarm intelligence, through the interaction of particles,PSO searches the solution space intelligently and finds out the best solution, adopts the particle swarm optimization optimizes the power value of artificial neural network set up PSO-BP network to find the solution of the model. Result of the PSO-BP model shows that PSO-BP network is better in water demand prediction and possesses higher forecasting precision and accuracy.
Thirdly,experimentation of leakage and burst in network model are processed,leakage correlative analysis based on the experimental data. Based on the distribution of pressure in water supply network, pressure distribution curve and three dimensional surface model are put forward. Method of solving the model is discussed that has been validated with an example. The result indicated that the model can really carry out the continuous simulation of pressure in network, and provide a new method to resolve technical puzzles of the pressure simulation of network in urban water supply and operation system, and enhance the rationality and veracity of st rategy.
In the and, models of residual chlorine decay in network is discussed.The model of first-order decay reaction is adopted for chlorine decay dynamic model. The consumption of chlorine reacting with chemicals and microbes in bulk water, with biofilms on the pipe wall is discussed, besides, the mass transport of chlorine from bulk water to pipe wail is considered too. The pipes simulation software EPANET 2.0 which is developed by national environment protecting bureau of USA is used to solving the model, and the Matlab software is used to simulating the distribution of the chlorine in the network based on the data of experimental model.
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