摘要
液体粘性调速离合器是利用多个摩擦圆盘间的油膜剪切力来传递动力,并通过改变油膜厚度实行无级调速。本文主要从其工作机理的解析入手,分析液体粘性调速离合器的工作机理与输出特性,讨论了影响粘性离合器的各种因数,同时采用模糊技术,探讨实现模糊控制的可行性,以及对模糊控制器的研制作了尝试。
鉴于近年来工程中广泛采用聚α-稀烃型、聚酯型等合成油作润滑剂;在调速范围内,液体粘性调速离合器中的摩擦副往往工作在流体润滑、混合润滑、边界润滑直到直接接触的工况;基于这些特点,笔者采用了幂律型非牛顿流体模型、Patir-Cheng的平均流量模型、GT两粗糙平面接触模型构建了粘性调速离合器摩擦副工作机理的研究模型,同时计入了油膜的惯性与热效应影响。文章详细地叙述与推导了适应粘性调速离合器摩擦副工作机理的雷诺方程、摩擦副之间的流体平均能量方程、摩擦副表面微凸体接触的压力方程、和固体传热方程。在流体润滑、流体混合润滑状态下,进行了的数值计算,对粘性调速离合器的摩擦副材料、沟槽形状、表面粗糙度、热效应等对传递转矩、平均推进压力、输出转速、以及膜厚比的影响进行了讨论分析。本文指出了被动盘表面开设沟槽不但可以形成动力润滑,而且更重要的是可以对摩擦副表面起冷却作用:不同沟槽形状对工作机理的影响不大。但沟槽数量与沟槽角度会对工作特性有一定的影响;对于粘性调速离合器而言,其摩擦副的热效应主要有于相对转速所致,相对转速越大,则热效应越显著;流体惯性效应通常不显著,只有当摩擦盘半径较大且绝对转速高于1500转/分时,才需考虑。本文还揭示了摩擦副工作时所涉及的输出转速、传递转矩、平均推进压力以及摩擦副间隙等参数之间的相互关系。所有这些将对粘性调速离合器的设计有着指导意义。
基于工作机理的分析,根据粘性调速离合器的运行特性,作者建立了动态分析模型,首先采用了近似线性控制理论对其进行了定量分析与仿真,讨论了调速稳定性的基本要素。当粘性调速离合器工作在动力润滑区域,系统是稳定的,但进入混合润滑状态时,系统工作处于不稳定状态,需要采用反馈闭环系统来实现稳定控制。考虑到粘性调速离合器属于非线性系统,很难用数学方程组来描述其系统状态特性,所以尝试用模糊控制技术来实现调速控制。文章主要从实际应用的角度阐述了模糊控制技术的基本方法,对模糊控制技术在粘性调速离合器上的应用进行了讨论,建立了模糊控制的研究模型,构建了模糊变量、控制规则控制表,并对其完成了控制仿真,证实了实现模糊控制的可行性。本文还根据现有的技术与硬件条件,叙述了模糊控制器研制以及试验过程。这些分析与试验为未来控制器设计提供了依据。
Multi-frictional disks are employed to transmit the torque in speeding wet clutch, and the oil thickness within frictional disks could be adjusted for practical output speeding. The paper presents the analysis for behavior and output characteristics of speeding wet clutch, discusses factors which have impact on the speeding wet clutch. The fuzzy technology is applied for estimating feasibility of speeding wet clutch control. The fuzzy controller is made on trial and error.Since oil combined with a-hydrocarbon or polyester is getting widely used as lubricant and the frictional disks in speeding wet clutch work within hydrodynamic lubrication, mixture lubrication, boundary lubrication and contact situation, the author establishes the analysis model for investigating the behavior of frictional disks in speeding wet clutch based on above characters, which covers the power-law fluid model, Patir-Cheng average flow model, GT asperity contact model, oil film inertia and thermal effect. The paper describes and deduces the formulas for speeding wet clutch in detail, which are Reynolds equation, mean energy equation, aspect pressure equation, and heat conduction equation. The numeral calculation is executed in hydrodynamic lubrication and mixture lubrication. The analysis is presented for frictional material, groove shape, surface roughness, and thermal effect impacted on transmitted torque, mean push pressure, output speed, and film thickness rate in speeding wet clutch. The paper indicates that the groove in the passive frictional dish not only forms hydrodynamic film, but also cools surface of frictional dish, that the different shapes of the groove are less influence on the speeding wet clutch working behavior, but number and angle of the groove in speeding wet clutch have effect on the speeding wet clutch working behavior, that the more relative speed is, the more thermal effect does for speeding wet clutch, and that the fluid inertia could be ignored while the relative speed is less than 1,500 rad/ min, otherwise the thermal influence should be considered. The paper also discovers the relationship with output speed, transmitted torque, mean push pressure, and film thickness rate, which is significant to speeding wet clutch design.Based on behavior and operating performance of speeding wet clutch, the writer sets up dynamic analysis model. An approximate linear control theory is used to consider essential of speeding stability after quantitative analysis and simulation are executed. The speeding system
引文
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