摘要
注浆技术是一项实用性强、应用范围广的工程处治技术。目前,在我国公路隧道工程建设中,不论是注浆设计、施工还是注浆后质量检查手段等方面还缺乏系统研究,没有形成一套完善的方法体系与技术规程,这样将给设计与施工质量控制以及注浆效果评价带来一定的盲目性与不可靠性。
本文以垫邻高速公路铜锣山隧道浅埋段与洞内渗、漏水段为研究对象,开展现场注浆试验,通过对注浆前、后质量检测方法与评价标准以及注浆效果评价体系的研究,初步确立适合岩溶区公路隧道注浆技术的质量检测方法、检测标准,注浆效果评价体系。综合以上研究成果,并结合水利水电注浆设计技术,编写一套山岭公路隧道注浆技术指南,以期为以后相类似的工程的设计、施工提高参考。
本文研究内容与成果如下:
1.通过对铜锣山隧道地表注浆的各种注前、后检测手段特点与成果分析,并针对地表注浆规模大,模糊灰色性、对施工工序影响不大、易封孔等特点,确定浅埋段地表注浆质量检测应以钻孔声波测试、注后岩芯的直观观测为主要手段,以压水试验、岩样磨片鉴定检测为辅助手段。
2.通过对铜锣山隧道洞内注浆的各种注前、后检测手段特点与成果分析,并结合洞内注浆深度小、标段长、对施工工序影响较大、易对初衬造成破坏等特点,确定洞内后注浆的质量检测应以地质雷达检测、水泥注入量分析为主要手段,以地质三维CT测试、压水试验、声波测试为辅助手段。
3.通过隧道注浆的各种检测手段的成果与隧道开挖现场对比,并结合水利水电检测标准,建立了山岭隧道地表注浆与洞内后注浆的评价标准体系。
4.运用系统可靠度理论提出地表加固与洞内后两种注浆质量可靠度指标,并计算了两种注浆质量系统可靠度概率,其计算结果与注浆质量检测效果基本一致,能较好的反应注浆的真实效果。
5.根据岩土体注浆理论及施工工艺特点,建立了地表注浆与洞内后注浆的质量评价指标,主要包括注浆载体完整性、连续性、坚固性、注浆结束条件、注浆质量可靠概率五个方面,并运用层次-模糊综合评判理论,对铜锣山隧道地表注浆与洞内后注浆质量综合评价,结果表明地表注浆质量为“优秀”等级,洞内后注浆质量为“良好”等级。
6.综合注浆试验设计、室内浆液配比试验、注浆现场试验、注前、后质量检测、注浆效果评价体系五方面研究成果,并在查阅大量的注浆设计、施工、检测相关文献基础上,初步编写了山岭隧道注浆技术指南,以期对工程条件相类似的注浆工程有提供参考。
Grouting is an engineering treatment technique with strong practicality and wide application range. At present, all grouting theories, grouting technology and grouting effect inspection means are lack of being systematically studied and they have not formed a perfect method system and technical regulation in the Chinese highway tunnel construction. Thus there are a certain blindness and unreliability for the design, construction quality control and grouting effect assessment. Therefore, taking the shallow-buried section of Tongluoshan tunnel of Dianlin highway in the karst area and the tunnel serious water leakage section as research objects, based on the field grouting test, this paper made a thorough, systematic study on quality inspection methods , assessment criteria and grouting effect evaluation system of before and after grouting and initially established quality inspection methods, assessment criteria and grouting effect evaluation system suitable for highway tunnel grouting technique in karst area. On the basis of the above-mentioned results, combined with hydraulic and hydroelectric grouting design technique, the author compiled a grouting technique guideline for highway tunnel in karst aera to provide preference for the design and construction of similar projects in future. The specific research contents and main results acquired are as follows:
1. According to the features of all kinds of inspection means before and after surface grouting of Tongluoshan tunnel and related result analysis, aiming at such characteristics of surface grouting as large scale, great uncertainty, little influence on construction procedure and easy to seal hole, it was determined that the sonic wave testing in borehole and visual core observations were main means and water pressure test, rock sample lapping identification detection were supplementary for the surface reinforcement grouting quality inspection in karst area.
2.According to the features of all kinds of inspection means before and after tunnel grouting of Tongluoshan tunnel and related result analysis, combined with such characteristics of the tunnel grouting as small depth, long bid section, great influence on construction procedure and easy to cause damage to initial linings, it was determined that geological radar detection, the cement injection rate analysis were main means and geologic three-dimensional CT test, water pressure test were supplementary for the bakfill grouting quality inspection in karst area.
3. By means of the comparison between the results acquired by all kinds of inspection means of tunnel grouting and tunnel excavated filed, combined with hydraulic and hydroelectric detection criteria, the assessment standard system of surface reinforcement grouting and bakfill grouting of tunnels in karst area was established.
4. Utilizing the system reliability theory to make an analysis of grouting quality reliability index of two kinds which were respectively surface reinforcement grouting and bakfill grouting, and calculating their system reliability probability, the calculation results were basically identical with tunnel practical excavated results, which could well reflect reality result of grouting.
5. Based on tunnel grouting theory, quality assessment index of surface reinforcement grouting and backfill grouting was established. Each of them contained such 5 aspects as grouting carrier integrity, continuity, sturdiness, termination condition, reliability probability. The comprehensive quality assessment of surface grouting and bakfill grouting in Tongluoshan tunnel was made by utilizing hierarchy -fuzzy theory comprehensive evaluation to implement and the results showed that the quality of surface grouting was the best and that of bakfill grouting was relatively good.
6. Integrating the research results of grouting test design, indoor grout formula experiment, site grouting test, quality detection before and after grouting and grouting effect assessment system, based on consulting lots of related literatures on grouting design, construction, detection, the author preliminarily compiled a grouting technique guideline for highway tunnel in karst area to provide preference for grouting projects of which the engineering conditions are similar.
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