摘要
本文以热轧带钢的物理冶金模型和超快冷工艺为研究对象。修正和完善了热轧带钢组织性能预报系统的核心计算模型,拓宽了可预报钢种和工艺范围,提高了预报精度。利用热轧带钢组织性能预报系统和ANSYS软件,进行了超快冷过程中的热力耦合数值模拟和超快冷条件下铁素体相变和碳氮化物析出的数值计算,在实验室进行了超快冷对相变和析出影响的试验模拟,在中试线轧机上进行了应用超快冷热轧带钢的中试试验研究,数值分析和试验模拟结果为超快冷工艺的工业化应用提供了理论基础和试验依据。
通过建立、修正或完善某些物理冶金模型或分析方法,在热轧带钢组织性能预报系统开发方面取得进展：根据熔点时压缩应力极小的状态,提出了一种简单实用的修正温变对单道次热压缩应力应变曲线影响的方法；基于热压缩过程变形储存能的演变规律,提出了一种从应力应变曲线计算动态再结晶分数、临界应变和道次间软化率的方法以及流变应力模型的建立方法；根据大量Ae3的数据,修正了相变热力学计算的超组元模型,并通过某一合金元素对另一合金元素Zener两参数的影响考虑了合金元素间的交互作用；采用类似小角度晶界比界面能的计算方法,对奥氏体铁素体界面的比界面能进行了计算,并建立了不同形核位置和核坯形状的经典形核方程；提出了一种计算Fe-Nb-V-Ti-A1-C-N合金系碳氮化物析出动力学和粒度分布的方法。
基于ANSYS平台,建立了热轧带钢超快冷过程热力耦合有限元分析的二维模型,分析了初始温度、表面换热系数、板厚和碳含量等参数对超快冷条件下钢板厚度上温度和热应力分布的影响,并对CSP流程机架间超快冷装置的布置进行了讨论。
利用完善后的组织性能预报系统进行超快冷工艺的数值模拟,并在实验室进行试验模拟和验证,以及对应用超快冷热轧带钢的组织和性能进行分析。结果表明：应用前置式超快冷,并随后缓冷的冷却方式有助于提高铁素体转变量和碳氮化物的析出量,并且析出相小尺寸粒子大幅增加,而应用后置式超快冷,对析出行为的影响不大。采用高温轧制并随后交替式超快冷工艺时,能得到细小的铁素体晶粒。并在减轻轧机负荷的同时增大了带钢强度尤其是抗拉强度,同时强塑积有所提高,屈强比降低,冲击吸收功增大。该工艺有助于实现热轧带钢的减量化生产。
The physical metallurgy model and ultra fast cooling (UFC) in hot strip rolling have been studied in this paper. The core computational models in the microstructure evolution and property prediction system for hot rolled steel strip were developed, modified and improved, thus the scope of predictable steel grades and processing conditions of the microstructure evolution and property prediction system was extended and the prediction precision was improved. The ferrite phase transformation and carbonitride precipitation in the UFC process were numerically simulated by the microstructure and property prediction system for hot rolled strip steel. And the thermo-mechanical coupled modeling on UFC was conducted by using ANSYS FEM software. Then influences of UFC on phase transformation and precipitation were investigated by experimental simulation in the laboratory and the pilot trials of hot rolled strip using UFC technology was implemented in the pilot plant. The numerical simulation and experimental simulation results provide the theoretical basis and experimental evidence for industrial application of UFC process.
By establishing, modifying or improving some physical metallurgy models and anslysis methods, progresses were made in the microstructure and property prediction of hot rolled strip steel. On the basis of the suppose of minor force when deformated at melting temperature, a simple and practical way to correcte the errors in flow stress of single-hit hot compression test caused by thermal effect was proposed. On the basis of the evolution rule of deformation stored energy in thermal compression process, methods for calculating fraction and critical strain of dynamic recrystallization and softening fraction between passes and modeling flow stress from the measured stress-strain curves were achieved. According to large amounts of data of Ae3, a modified superelement model to calculate thermodynamics of phase transformation for Fe-ΣXi-C alloy systems were developed by the modification of Zener's two-parameter for substitutional elements, and the interactions between alloying elements have been taken into account. Using the similar way to calculate unit interfacial energy of small-angle grain boundaries, the unit interfacial energy of austenite ferrite interface was computed and the classical nucleation equations of different nucleation sites and nucleation shapes were constructed. A method calculated precipitation kinetics and particle size distribution of microalloyed carbonitride in Fe-Nb-V-Ti-Al-C-N system was stated.
A two-dimensional model of thermo-mechanical coupling simulation on UFC for hot rolled steel plate was established and the distribution of temperature and thermal stress in thickness direction was calculated by ANSYS FEM software. The effect of initial temperature, thinkness, carbon content and surface heat transfer coefficient on the plate temperature and thermal stress were analyzed. And the layout of inter-stand UFC device that can be used in CSP process was discussed.
Through the numerical simulation of UFC process by the further improvement of microstructure and property prediction system and laboratory simulation and verification of UFC process by test, as well as the result analysis of microstructure and properties of hot rolled strip in the UFC condition, it shows that the cooling way of front UFC and subsequent slow cooling is helpful to enhance the amount of ferrite transition and carbonitride precipitation, and increase significantly the small size precipitation particles, but back UFC only has litte effect on precipitation behavior. It also indicates that when using high temperature rolling and subsequent alternating UFC process, refined ferrite grain can be got. It reduces the mill load and improves strip strength, especially tensile strength, and at the same time increases product of tensile strength and ductility, reduces yield ratio, and increases impact absorbed energy. Generally, the UFC process can help to realize "Resources Reducing" production of strip steel.
引文
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