摘要
电致塑性效应是在金属变形过程中同时施加脉冲电流,使其变形抗力急剧下降的同时塑性大幅度提高的一种现象。与传统加工成形工艺相比,电致塑性成形工艺能在较低成形温度下有效地降低加工金属的成形抗力,提高成形件的力学性能及其表面质量,并且具有耗能低、加工效率高等优点,尤其适合于难变形金属的加工成形。但由于电致塑性机制尚不完善,并且在工艺、组织与性能的相互关联上的系统性研究匮乏,使得电致塑性成形工艺的研究和应用受到很大的限制。镁合金的密排六方结构及其非基面滑移系的激活能高,使其在室温或小于200°C的条件下难以加工变形。现行采用热轧和温轧成形镁合金板材,但该轧制工艺复杂(比如多道次、小压下量、道次间退火、轧辊保持在150~200°C之间等)、耗能大并且反复的高温加工和处理使得成形件力学性能降低。本论文旨在完善电致塑性机制并探索开发一种电致塑性板带材轧制成形工艺,实现在室温条件下镁合金板带材的单道次大压下量、大应变速率的轧制成形。
本论文的主要研究内容包括:(1)利用织构分析,研究了脉冲电流处理对冷轧态AZ31镁合金的微观组织演变及其力学性能的影响。基于晶界迁移理论,完善了脉冲电流对微观结构演变的影响机制。为了论证脉冲电流引起的副效应-焦耳热效应对总效应的贡献,通过快速加热处理模拟电脉冲引起的焦耳热效应,研究了焦耳热效应对冷轧态镁合金的微观组织演变的影响;(2)研究了电致塑性轧制AZ31镁合金的变形机制及其组织与性能。结果表明:在冷辊条件下,调整电参数控制试样入辊温度低于200°C时,实现了单道次31%压下量的电致塑性轧制AZ31镁合金。并得出:脉冲电流引起的热与非热效应是促进在变形带和孪晶处发生低温动态再结晶的原因,从而使得在室温条件下的大应变得以协调。(3)为了模拟多道次电致塑性轧制,研究了脉冲电流处理对电致塑性轧制态镁合金的微观组织演变和力学性能的影响。电脉冲处理电致塑性轧制态试样能细化晶粒并形成倾转基面织构,从而提高了镁合金板带材的室温延伸率和抗拉强度。对于多道次电致塑性轧制镁合金薄板带,采用高轧制速率、大压下量和200°C入辊温度的轧制工艺,可获得高力学性能的薄板带。
When electrical pulses are applied to metals undergoing deformation, the deformation resistance reduces dramatically and plasticity increases significantly at the same time. This influence of the electric current pulses on the plastic flow is called the electroplastic effect or EPE. Traditional manufacturing processes rely on the use of heat to reduce the forces associated with fabricated parts. Relative to the negative implications associated with hot working, EP manufacturing is an efficient energy conserving means. However, the lackness of theoretical and experimental researches gives rise to the limited application of EP manufacturing processes. On account of the hcp structure and inactiveness of the non-basal slip systems, it is difficult to process magnesium alloys at room temperature or low temperature (< 200°C). Magnesium alloy sheets are usually fabricated by hot or warm rolling. During this process, a multiple-pass operation incorporating small rolling reduction, intermediate annealing, and maintaining rolls at 150~200°C is employed to suppress edge cracks and fracture of the alloys and to maintain the workability. The complex process and high energy consumption lead to a high production cost, thereby hampering commercial applications of magnesium alloys. Here, a new fabricating process, electroplastic manufacturing processing for magnesium alloy sheets is one of the most effective ways to simplify the manufacturing processes while enhancing the properties of the final products.
The objectives of the research work described in this thesis are: (1) to analyze the mechanism of the microstructural evolution in cold rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy during electropulsing treatment by texture analysis. The mechanism of the microstuctural evolution during electropulsing is discussed from the point of view of grain boundary motion. Subsequently, we simulate the Joule heating effect by rapid thermal annealing and investigate the microstructural evolution; (2) to investigate the microstructure and texture development during electroplastic rolling. Single large pass draught rolling by electroplastic rolling is conducted on AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets below 200°C without heating rolls. The synergistic thermal and athermal effects during EPR are responsible for the low temperature dynamic recrystallization within twins and shear bands; (3) to explore the microstructure and texture evolution in EPR AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets during EPT and correlate with the mechanical properties. Excellent mechanical properties of thin magnesium alloys sheets can be obtained by employing the EPT-EPR processings of high rolling speed, large rolling reduction and the rolling temperature of 200°C.
引文
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