摘要
面形结构的植入式传感检测和可视化是结构健康检测中尚未很好解决的一个共性问题。其研究结果可望广泛应用于航天器太阳能帆板、高机动性军用飞机机翼的结构健康实时检测,以及民用大坝、大桥、高层建筑和大型建筑穹顶等的健康检测和可视化。
本文提出应用光纤光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)传感器的传感和结构特性,结合智能材料与结构技术,设计植入式传感网络,构建检测系统,重建柔性曲面形状,并实现柔性曲面的动态可视化显示。首先对整个测试系统进行功能分析,选用FBG传感器作为传感元件,并利用FBG传感器的波分复用、空分复用技术构建传感网络。由曲面运动的有限元分析,将FBG传感器布置在曲面变形的最大变形处,对封装过程进行细化,保证传感器封装强度高,反应灵敏,对曲面变形系统影响小。解调仪检测FBG的波长改变,转化为曲面上的曲率信息。由曲率和弧长信息,提出由曲线重建到曲面重建的渐进重建算法,采用四边形网格细分算法连接曲面,构建任意拓扑曲面;并对由曲率和弧长信息直接重建曲面片,光滑连接曲面的重建算法进行探讨;也对由双三次曲面片重建曲面的重建算法进行分析。将重建的曲面显示在屏幕中,实现曲面的变形视觉效果,反应变形本质。
文中建立模拟太阳能帆板的低频变形试验平台,对曲面的多种形态进行测试和验证,对整个测试系统精度进行研究。进一步分析测试系统的误差,并提出减小和消除误差的方法和措施,提高系统检测精度和重建精度,为实用化提供技术准备和模拟试验。
本研究的主要贡献在于:
(1)建立一套由柔性结构、植入式传感网络、光纤光栅调制解调装置、计算机分析处理单元组成的面形结构变形实时检测和显示系统,其中的可视化计算部分是对传统结构健康检测的重要改进。
(2)完成由曲率和弧长信息重建曲线再重建曲面的算法,并探讨由曲率和弧长信息直接重建曲面的方法,初步解决微分几何中尚未涉及的由曲率信息重建曲面的问题。
Surface measurement and visualization with embedded sensor network is one of the researches for structural health monitoring. The key technologies and methods could be applied to real-time structural health monitoring such as the solar array measurement of aircraft and the plane airfoil in haste flight. It would also have potential applications for to the health monitoring and visualization of civil structures, such as dams, bridges, high building and dome.
This dissertation presented a novel solution with the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor network as the sensing unit which has excellent sensor and structure characteristic; based on the design of sensor network, a dynamic shape measuring system are built to reconstruct the flexible surface shape and built by visualization impaction to this problem. First, the scheme of the system has been analyzed and the FBG was selected as the sensor in the system and built a large sensor network with the technology of the Spatial-Division-Multiplexing (SDM) and the Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (WDM). According to the result of surface finite element analysis (FET), the FBG sensors were distributed on the maximum amplitude locations of movement. The processing of packaging includes that selecting the glue-water near the surface material, design of high intensity packaging, and realization of quick response and lower effect to the vibrating system. The dissertation presented a reconstruction algorithm from curve reconstruction to surface reconstruction according to the curvature and arc length information. This proposed algorithm first reconstructs surface slices and joint the slices. By displaying the reconstructed visualization effect, the real-time deformation information and essence of movement can be well monitored.
A tested has been designed to simulate the lower-frequency movement of the solar array. The multi-modules shapes could be measured which can be used to prove the design. The testing result has been estimated to the measurement and the error has been analyzed. In order to improve the measurement and reconstruction precision of the system, some methods and steps are also presented to reduce the errors, thus provides technique preparation and for ongoing research.
The main contributions of this dissertation are as follows:
(1) Setup a set of real time measurement and visualization system consisted of embedded sensor network, flexible surface structure, FBG demodulation device and computer for surface measurement. The computer visualization is an important improving for the traditional structural health monitoring.
(2) Presented a reconstruction algorithm from curve reconstruction to surface reconstruction based on the curvature and arc length information. A novel algorithm that first reconstructs surface slices and joints the slices also was proposed based on the curvature and the arc information which was not well solved in the differential geometry discipline.
引文
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