摘要
随着电气化铁路的发展,由牵引负荷引起的谐波、无功、负序等电能质量问题,成为影响电力系统和电气化铁路供电系统安全、稳定运行的一个重要因素。相对普速电气化电路,高速电气化铁路的负序问题更加突出。采用有源补偿对电气化铁路牵引供电系统牵引变电所电能质量进行综合补偿,是确保电气化铁路安全有效运行的重要手段。研究有源补偿对电气化铁路的电能质量改善具有理论意义和实用价值。
在分析电气化铁路对电力系统电能质量影响的基础上,总结了电气化铁路对电力系统谐波、无功及负序的补偿方法。有源补偿是作为解决电气化铁路电能质量问题的有效方法之一,本文探讨了电气化铁路有源补偿的分类及存在的问题。并分析探讨了各种型式牵引变压器的负序电流及不平衡度,为利用牵引变电所主变压器的接线方式来抑制负序电流提供理论依据。
在电气化铁路单臂负荷补偿系统基础上,推导得到了电气化铁路有源补偿的拓扑数量公式,通过对补偿拓扑的进一步简化,获得电气化铁路有源基本有源补偿网络,推导得到基本补偿网络拓扑数量公式,对拓扑进行识别,并分析比较了各种拓扑结构特点及适用范围。在对电气化铁路两种有源补偿拓扑结构容量分析的基础上,提出四种新的混合有源补偿拓扑结构,进一步降低有源补偿支路的容量和电压等级。
结合提出的拓扑结构,给出解决电气化铁路电能质量综合有源补偿方案,分析了电气化铁路电流综合有源补偿工作原理,给出在不同补偿情况下的控制电流表达式。推导得到牵引变压器原边和次边电压电流的关系式,得到了综合有源补偿电流表达式,对实际补偿电流的计算具有指导意义。
本文基于对电气化铁路综合有源补偿输出滤波器分析的基础上,对LC输出滤波器进行了改进,且对输出滤波器参数进行了模糊优化设计。改进后的输出滤波器在补偿频率范围内有较好的滤波效果,可以更好地满足系统综合补偿的要求。通过对实际牵引变电所数据的仿真分析,该方案能够有效的补偿电气化铁路谐波、无功和负序,改善电气化铁路电能质量。
With the development of electrified railway,traction load have caused some power quality problems such as harmonic,reactive power and negative sequence,this have become an important factor which is affecting security and stable operation of power system and power supply system.Negative sequence problem in high speed electrified railway is more prominent than that in normal speed electrified railway.Using active compensation to compensate power quality of traction substation in electrified railway,is an important means to ensure safety and effective operation of electrified railway.It has the theoretical significance and practical value to study the active compensation to electrified railway power quality improvement.
The effects of electrified railway on power quality of power system are analyzed,the compensation methods of power system harmonic,reactive power and negative sequence are summarized,the classification and existing problems of electrified railway active compensation are concluded. Various types of negative sequence current of traction transformer and unbalanced degree are analyzed.This works provide the theoretical basis for proper selection of traction transformer main connection wiring to inhibit negative sequence current.
The formulas for electrified railway active compensation are deduced on compensation system of electrified railway single-arm load. The formulas for identifying the basic topological quantity of electrified railway active compensation are formulated, identification methods of topology is presented,structure characteristics and scope of all sorts of different topologies are analyzed and compared. Four new hybrid active compensation topologies are presented based on the analysis of electrified railway active compensation topologies.This four topologies can reduce capacity and voltage level of active component.
Combining the topological structure are proposed solution, electrified railway power quality integrated solution active compensation scheme is gived. Operating principle electrified railway comprehensive active compensation is analyzed. The expressions of current control on various compensation conditions are presented. The primary voltage and current and the secondary voltage and current expressions of tration transformer and comprehensive active compensation currents are also presented.It has the guiding significance for the actual compensation current calculation.
Output filter design of electrified railway active compensation is studied. LC output filter is improved based on the analysis of the common four types output filters characteristics. Output filter parameters are designed by fuzzy optimization.The improved output filter has good filtering effect in compensation frequency range, and can better meet the requirement system synthetical compensation.It is verified that this method can realize the compensation for harmonic, reactive power and negative sequence and improve the tration power quality.
引文
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