摘要
随着电力市场改革的逐步深入，输电网络最终将开放接入，所有的电力市场参与者都可以平等地、无歧视地使用电网。输电损耗分摊直接影响到各输电责任主体的经济利益，对于提高输电定价有效性以及引导输电用户合理利用输电资源也有着重要作用。因此，如何公平合理地分摊输电损耗便成为电力市场备受关注的基本理论问题之一，国内外许多研究者都非常关注这一问题。
本文简单论述了目前已有的各类网损分摊方法的实质以及优缺点，对其中的比例法、边际网损系数法、潮流跟踪法、基于合作博弈论的网损分摊方法进行了较为详细的介绍。指出由于支路损耗与功率之间的非线性关系，要提出一种完全公平、合理的网损分摊方法存在一定困难。
详细介绍了Z-bus网损分摊算法，针对该算法存在发电机节点损耗份额分摊过大的缺点，采用比例法对其分摊结果进行二次分摊。通过在IEEE14节点网络上的仿真计算和比较分析表明了该改进办法的可行性。
在对支持向量机的基本理论进行了详细介绍的基础上，提出了一种基于支持向量回归的网损分摊新算法。该算法以Z-bus法的分摊结果为训练样本，采用支持向量机进行回归训练，得到网损分摊的支持向量机模型，用该模型可以直接进行系统其他运行情况下的网损分摊计算。在5节点网络和IEEE14节点网络上的防真结果表明了该算法的有效性。
With the gradual reformation of power market, transmission open access will be introduced and all participants in power market can use the transmission equally and nondiscriminatorily. Transmission loss allocation not only influences the economic benefits of every subject of responsibility, but also has important functions to guide the users using transmission rationally. As a result, the problem of transmission loss allocation has become one of the most important basic theory of power market. Many researchers in the world are paying attention to this problem.
The principle of the current methods of transmission loss allocation is introduced and their advantages and defects is analyzed in this paper. Some familiar loss allocation algorithms such as pro rata techniques, marginal loss coefficient, load flow tracing method and loss allocation based on Cooperation Game Theory are introduced particularly. Pointing out that it is hard to advance an absolutely equitable and reasonable loss allocation algorithm because of that the relation between loss and power is non-linear.
Z-Bus loss allocation is introduced particularly. For the reason that the losses assigned to the generator buses are always much greater than that of load buses, so it is necessary to regulate the calculated loss. A method of using pro rata method to adjust the calculated loss is introduced. The simulation on IEEE14-bus system and the comparisons with several other loss allocation methods proved that it is a fair and reasonable loss allocation method.
The theory of SVM is introduced and a novel loss allocation procedure for SVM based Z-bus loss allocation is proposed. Net losses allocated to each bus by Z-bus loss allocation were used as sample set for training SVM. With the trained SVM model, net losses could be easily calculated in various operation conditions. A trained SVM for loss allocation requires only operational data to calculate the loss allocation at any instant. Simulation was carried out on 5-bus system and IEEE14-bus system, and the results show that this algorithm is of validation.
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