紫花苜蓿生长模拟模型(ALFASM)研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
本文在国内外同类研究基础上,依据紫花苜蓿生物学特性,通过田间试验和广泛收集资料,建立了基于生理过程的紫花苜蓿生长模拟模型(ALFASM),并初步开发研制了紫花苜蓿生长模拟模型软件系统。
     紫花苜蓿生长模拟模型(ALFASM)核心部分包括作物动态模块、水分动态模块、氮素动态模块、管理模块和输入输出模块。其中作物动态模块是本研究的重点,它包括发育期动态、光合作用、呼吸作用、叶面积动态、干物质生产和分配、产量形成子模块。
     利用北京、山西2~3年28组数据分别进行参数调试和模型验证,得到6个主要紫花苜蓿品种的品种参数。验证结果表明:模型的模拟结果与实际较吻合,模型具有较好的模拟功能。经检验后可以模拟不同气候、土壤条件下的紫花苜蓿生长发育、光合作用、呼吸作用、产量形成及叶面积动态等生理生态过程,模拟不同土层土壤水分、氮素状况,紫花苜蓿对水分和氮素的吸收,模拟常年,多茬的苜蓿生长。模型具有丰富的输出,能够多侧面地反映模拟条件下的紫花苜蓿生长发育状况。
     ALFASM模型系统是一个可用于科研、教学和生产管理中分析、预测和决策支持的一个重要工具。本研究基于植物生理学、土壤物理学、植物营养学、作物栽培学、农业气象学等诸多学科知识,融合作物模拟模型、统计分析、计算机程序设计等科学研究方法,为国内外苜蓿生长模型的研究和发展,提供了科学依据和重要参考。
Based on the alfalfa (Medicago sativa) biological characteristics, field crop experiment and widely collected data, the alfalfa growth simulation model (ALFASM) was established. The software of ALFASM was developed.
    ALFASM includes crop dynamic module, water dynamic module, nitrogen dynamic module, management module, and input/output module. Crop dynamic module is the keystone among these modules. It consists of phenology, photosynthesis, respiration, leaf area dynamic, dry matter production and assimilation pa titioning, grain yield module, etc.
    The verification and validation of the ALFASM model has been conducted by experiment data in Beijing and Hebei province in 2000~2002. The results showed that the ALFASM simulation outcomes are very similar to the experiment data, and the ALFASM model possesses quite good simulation function. It can simulate the uptake of soil water, nitrogen and alfalfa growth biological and ecological processes such as phenology, photosynthesis, respiration, dry matter production, yield and leaf area dynamic, etc, under different climate and soil conditions. The ALFASM model provide abundant output, and it can reflect alfalfa growth and develop for simulated conditions.
    ALFASM system can be an important tool for scientific research, teaching and managenet decision support.The study based on plant physiology, soil physics, plant nutrition, crop cultivate and agricultural meteorology knowledge, etc and syncretize scientific research methods such as crop simulation modeL statistics and computer programming. The study brings forward the way of alfalfa growth model both home and abroad.
引文
[1] 朱万斌.紫花苜蓿品种区划指标初步研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国农业大学.2002
    [2] Field. T. R. O. Analysis and simulation of the effect of temperature on the growth and development of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Ph.D. thesis. Univ. of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. 1974, 35: 4749-4750
    [3] Holt, D. A. Bula, R.I., Miles, G.E., Schreiber, M.M., and R. M. Peart.Environmental physiology. Modeling and simulation of alfalfa growth, 1.Concepttual development of SIMED. Purdue Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Bul. 1975:1~11
    [4] A. Hanson, etc. alfalfa and alfalfa improvement. Madison, Wisconsin, USA.1988:15~16, 180~194, 229~257
    [5] Fick, G.W.ALSIM1 (LEVEL1) use's manual. Agron. Mimeo. Comell Univ., Ithaca, NY.1975: 1~47
    [6] Fick, G. W. ALSIM1 (LEVEL 2) use's manual. Agron Mimeo. Comell Univ., Ithaca, NY.1981: 3~39
    [7] Fick, G. W., and David Onstad. Simple computer simulation models forage management applications. In J. A. Smith and V. W. Hays (ed.) Proc.14th Int. Grassl. Congr. Lexington, West view Press, Boulder, CO. 1983, 483~485.
    [8] Selirio, I. S., and D. M. Brown. Soil moisture-based simulation of forage yield. Agric. Meteorol.1979,20:99~114
    [9] Smith, E.M., and O. J. Loewer, Jr. Mathematical-logic to simulate growth of two perennial grasses. Trans. ASAE, 1983,26:253~256
    [10] Hayes, J.T., P. A. O'Rourke, W. H. Terjung, and P. E. Todhunter, A feasible crop yield model for worldwide international food production. Int. J. Biometeoro1.1982,26:239~257
    [11] Dension, R.R, R. S. Loomis, and J. L. Rouanet. Simulation of regrowth and over wintering in alfalfa. In seventh annul. Workshop on Crop Simul. Lincoln, NE.19~21March.Univ.of Nebraska, Lincoln, 1984:4~9
    [12] Gosse, G, M. Chartier, and G. Lemaire. Physiologie vegetale Mise au point d'un modele de prevision de production pour une culture de Luzerne .C.R. Acad. Sci. Ser.. 1984,3 298:541~544
    [13] 高亮之,D.B.Hannaway.苜蓿生产的农业气候模拟模式—ALFAMOD.江苏农业学报,1985,1(2):2~10
    [14] Moot, D., Robertson, M. J. and Pollock, K. Validation of the APSlM-Luceme model for phenological development in a cool-temperate climate. 10th Australian Agronomy Conference, Hobart, Tasmania. 2001
    [15] 白文明,包雪梅 2002.乌兰布和沙区紫花苜蓿生长发育模拟模型研究,生态学报,2002,13(12),1605~1609
    [16] 多立安 罗新义.一年三次刈割苜蓿高度生长动态模型的研究.天津师大学报:自科
    
    版.1996,16(1):55~60
    [17] 吴勤等.紫花苜蓿草地地上生物量动态规律的研究.中国草地.1997,6:21~24
    [18] 白文明,左强,李保国.乌兰布和沙区紫花苜蓿建植与萌发预测模型.草地学报.2000,8(1):18~22
    [19] 白文明 左强等.乌兰布和沙区紫花苜蓿根系吸水模型.植物生态学报.2001,25(4)431~437
    [20] 罗长寿,左强,李保国,王东.盐分胁迫条件下苜蓿根系吸水特性的模拟与分析.土壤通报.2001,32(sO):81~84
    [21] 项斌 林舜华.紫花苜蓿对CO_2倍增的反应:生态生理研究和模型拟合.植物学报.1996,38(1):63~71
    [22] 李维铮,1982,运筹学,清华大学出版社:45~77
    [23] 冯利平.小麦生长发育模拟模型(WHEATSM)的研究;[博士学位论文].南京:南京农业大学,1995
    [24] 冯利平,高亮之,等.小麦发育期动态模拟模型的研究.作物学报.1997,23(4):418~424
    [25] 苗果园等.温光互作对不同生态型小麦品种发育效应的研究.作物学报.1993,19(6):489~495
    [26] 王堃,陈默君.苜蓿产业化生产技术.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2001:12~15
    [27] 耿华珠.中国苜蓿.北京:中国农业出版社,1995:39~44
    [28] 曹致中.优质苜蓿栽培与利用.中国农业出版社.2002,北京,46~58,69
    [29] (日)户刈义主编(薛德榕译),1979,作物的光合生产与物质生产,科学出版社:3~77
    [30] Thomtey, J. H. M., Mathematical models in plant physiology, in a quantitative approach to problems in plant and crop physiology, Academic press, London, 1973:29~46
    [31] (英)J.法郎士,J.H.M.索恩利著;金之庆,高亮之译.农业中的数学模型:农业及与之有关科学若干问题的数量研究.北京:农业出版社,1991,149~150
    [32] 曹卫星,罗卫红.作物系统模拟及智能管理.北京:华文出版社,2000:24~87
    [33] (荷)彭宁德弗里斯等著:王馥棠等译.植物生长与作物生产的模拟.北京:科学出版社,1988,40~77
    [34] 华孟、王坚主编.土壤物理学.北京农业大学出版社.1993:44~147
    [35] Bourgeois, G; Savoie, P; Girard, JM. Evaluation of an alfalfa growth simulation model under Quebec conditions. Agricultural systems. 1990. 32 (1): 1~12
    [36] Jones. C. A., Kiniry. J. R. CERES-Maize. TEXAS A&M University Press.1986:49~112
    [37] 李保国,龚元石.农田土壤水的动态模型及应用.科学出版社.2000,9:40~52
    [38] 李春友.土壤水分运动与作物生长过程耦合机理模型的初步研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国农业大学.1997
    [39] 田哲旭.麦田水分动态模型的研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国农业大学.1993
    [40] 曹宏鑫,孙立荣,高亮之,等.长江下游地区小麦生长期土壤水分动态的模拟.南京农业大学学报,1998,21(1):25~30
    [41] 舒素芳,高维英,赵荣.冬小麦分层农田土壤水分平衡模型.陕西气象,2002(2):12~16
    [42] 申双和.农田土壤水分实用模型初探.气象科学,1996,16(3):240~247
    [43] 曹宏鑫.长江下游地区小麦生长期土壤水分动态模拟.南京农业大学学报,1998,21(1):12~1
    
    
    [44] 陶祖文,斐步祥.农田蒸散和土壤水分的一种计算方法.气象学报,1997(2):4~9
    [45] 吴厚水.利用蒸发力进行农田灌溉预报的方法.水利学报,1981(1):2~9
    [46] 鹿浩忠.农田水分平衡与干旱预报.北京农业大学学报,1987(7):69~76
    [47] Thornthwaite c w, Mather J R. Estimating soil extraction. Drexel Inst Technol, NJ, 1954, 7(3): 397~402
    [48] 裴步祥,毛飞,吕厚荃.我国北方春季土壤水分动态模拟预报模式的试验研究.北京农业大学学报,1990,16(增刊):116~122
    [49] 申双和,周英.牧草地土壤水分地动态平衡计算.气象科学,1995,15(3):254~261
    [50] Carneiro Do silva, C. Comparison of two com-puter models for predicting soil water in a tropical monsoon climate. Agri. and Forest Meteorol, 1986(36): 249~262
    [51] Ritchie J T. Soil Water Balance. Ceres-Wheat Book Draft# 1,1972
    [52] 高国栋,陆渝蓉.我国陆地蒸发量和蒸发耗热量的研究.气象学报,1980,38(2):165~176
    [53] 王树森.土壤水分动态模拟与调控.作物与水分的关系.北京:农业出版社,1991.94~101
    [54] Benoit Gabrielle, Safya Menasseri, Sabine Houot. Analysis and Field Evaluation of the Ceres Models Water Balance Compo-nent.Soil Sci Soc Am J,1995,59(9~10) :1403~1412
    [55] 欧阳海等编.农业气候学.北京:气象出版社,1990.245~247
    [56] 陆欣主编.土壤肥料学.面向21世纪课程教材.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002,49~112
    [57] 钱海滨.玉米生产中水分、氮素平衡动态模型的研究:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国农业大学.1994
    [58] 鲁如坤.土壤-植物营养学原理与施肥.北京:化学工业出版社,1998,123~125
    [59] 黄志宏,吕柳新.微生物与植物共生结瘤固氮的分子遗传学研究进展.福建农林大学学报(自然科学版).2002,3 1(1):67~72
    [60] 窦新田.生物固氮.北京:农业出版社,1989,28~53
    [61] M.奥巴托等著;蒋有绎,周枫译.共生固氮技术手册:豆科植物.根瘤菌.北京:科学出版社,1987.1~62
    [62] 樊庆笙.固氮微生物学.北京:农业出版社,1991:23~28,46~55,86~91
    [63] 李存东.小麦顶端发育动态模式与特征的研究.南京:南京农业大学农学系,1998:65~75
    [64] Selirio, I. S., and D.M. Brown, Soil moisture-based simulation of forage yield.Agric.Meteorol. 1979, 20:99~114
    [65] Federer C A. A soil-plant-atmosphere model for transpiration and availability of soil water. Water resources research, 1979, (15): 555~562
    [66] Greenwood D J, Wood J T, Cleaver T J. A dynamic model for the effects of soil and weather conditions on nitrogen response. Jour-nalofagriculturalscience, 1974, (82): 455~467
    [67] Eckersten H, Jansson P E. Modeling water flow, nitrogen uptake and production for wheat.Fertilizerresearch. 1991, (27): 313~329
    [68] Nye P H, Tinker P B. Solute movement in the soil-root system.Blackwell scientific publications, 1977:6~18
    [69] 沈荣开,王康.水肥耦合条件下作物产量、水分利用和根系吸氮的试验研究.农业工程学
    
    报,2001,(5):35~38
    [70] 李永平,李顺昌.宁南山区旱作草田——紫花苜蓿产草量与贮水量降水生产效率的测定.宁夏农林科技,1990,(6):7~9
    [71] 杜世平,王留芳,龙明秀.宁南山区旱地紫花苜蓿土壤水分及产量动态研究.草业科学,1999,16(1):12~17
    [72] Cutforth H W, Jefferson PG Lower limit of available water for three plant species grown on a medium-textual soil in south western Saskatchewan.Can.J.soilSci.,1991,71: 247~252
    [73] Trimble M W, Barnes D K Forage yield and nitrogen partitioning response of alfalfa to two cutting regimes and three soil nitrogen regimes. Crop Sci., 1987,27:909~914
    [74] 孙启忠,桂荣.影响苜蓿草产量和品质诸因素研究进展.中国草地,2000,1:57~63
    [75] Sheaffer C, Marten G Alfalfa harvest management strategies for the 1990s.Crop and Soils, 1987,39:6~8
    [76] Undersander D, Martin N. Alfalfa management guide. New York: Madison. American Society of Agronomy.WI.1991:6~12
    [77] Llovera J, Ferran J. Harvest management effects on alfalfa production and quality in Mediterranean areas. Grass and Forage Sei., 1998, 53: 88~92
    [78] Gossen B D, Horton P B. Field response and soil fertility. Agron.J.1994,86: 82~88
    [79] 李继扬,胡跃高.紫花苜蓿生产利用百问百答.台湾出版社,2000:130
    [80] Vaughn D L, Viands D R. Nutritive value and forage yield of alfalfa synthetics under three harvest-management systems, Crop Sci., 1990,30:699~703
    [81] Jefferson P C, Gossen B D. Fall harvest management for irrigated alfalfa in southern Saskatchewan. Can. J. Plant Sci., 1992,72:1183~1191
    [82] Hagemann R W, Marble V L, 1983.Variety responses to cutting schedules in Imperial Valley. Proceedings of the 13 th California Alfalfa Symposium. Holtvill C A: University of California Cooperative Extension Service: 3~11
    [83] Matt A S and Wedin W F. Cell wall composition of alfalfa stems at similar morphological stages and chomological age during spring growth and summer growth. Crop Sci., 1988,28:342~347
    [84] 潘学标.作物模型原理.北京:气象出版社,2003:10~12
    [85] 潘学标,COTGROW:棉花生长发育模拟模型;[博士学位论文].北京:中国农业大学,1995
    [86] 高亮之,金之庆,黄耀.水稻栽培计算机模拟优化决策系统.北京:中国农业科技出版社,1992:86
    [87] 南京农业大学主编.土壤农化分析.农业出版社.1990:47~48