摘要
近些年，大功率半导体激光器(Laser Diode)及其一维阵列（bar）和二维阵列（stack）作为泵浦源在工业、军事等领域中得到越来越广泛的应用。但是半导体激光器由于波导结构的特点，其光场分布复杂。
在激光二极管泵浦固体激光器(diode pumped solid state laser, DPL)中的应用是半导体激光器最主要的应用。由于DPL的泵浦光在激光介质中的分布起伏很大，对振荡光的影响必然比灯泵时大的多，研究泵浦光对振荡光的影响是必要的。随着DPL的微型化发展，研究高光束质量的微型DPL具有重要的意义。
论文针对大功率半导体激光器的光场特性及其在DPL应用方面的问题，提出合理的模型描述大功率半导体激光器的远场特性，给出较准确的远场光强分布表达式；研究了大功率半导体激光器阵列远场光分布；分析了泵浦光对DPL振荡光场的影响；讨论了高光束质量的紧耦合泵浦结构。主要内容如下：
1.为精确了解半导体激光器大角度光波的传播特性，对于以TM模工作的大功率半导体激光器，利用两种方法：远场近似的非傍轴矢量瑞利——索末菲衍射积分公式和光场矢量的简单几何关系，推导了描述其光波传播特性的非傍轴矢量场模型。结论表明，在傍轴区域标量表达式不会引起太大的误差；而在非傍轴区域，大功率半导体激光器的矢量光场和标量光场的光强分布有明显差异。这一结论对于高精度准直、反源计算等领域的研究具有重要作用。
2.基于大功率半导体激光器的双峰远场模型，对bar和stack两种类型的激光器进行仿真；定量描述了均匀区域以及出现双峰的位置，并利用数值拟合的方法拟合了计算bar和stack光强分布均匀区域和出现类似于单发光源的双峰分布位置的经验公式。利用这些公式只需根据器件手册给出的参数，可求出任意给定参数的bar和stack光强分布均匀的区域和出现类似于单发光源的双峰分布的位置。该结果可为bar和stack型激光器在实际光学系统中的应用以及光束质量评价中提供理论依据。
3.利用有泵浦增益时的谐振腔衍射积分方程，研究了二极管泵浦固体激光器中泵浦光对振荡光场的影响，具体分析了泵浦光分布和泵浦光半径对振荡光场的影响。结果表明泵浦光对谐振腔的滤波效果有很明显的“调制”作用，在实际的DPL设计中需要根据对振荡光的要求进行泵浦光的优化设计。
4.利用解析法分析了侧面紧耦合泵浦固体激光器中泵浦光强分布特点，通过对泵浦结构的仔细设计，给出了激光晶体中实现中心强边缘弱的泵浦方案；通过侧面泵浦Nd:YAG激光器的仿真计算，分析了侧面泵浦时泵浦参数对光束质量的影响；采用LD紧贴于Nd:YAG的紧耦合双侧面对称泵浦技术，实验上实现了DPL的微型化。
In recent years high-power laser diode and bar and stack lasers have been usedwidely in the industrial、military fields as pumping source of solid-state lasers. Beacuseof the waveguide properties of their active areas, the beam quality of a high-power laserdiode is poor.
The high-power laser diode is mainly used in diode pumped solid statelaser(DPL)as pumping source. For the reason of big change in laser medium, theinfluence to the oscillating laser is much more than to the lamp pumped solid state laser,the study on the question about how the pumping light affect the performance of adiode pumped solid state laser is necessary, and with the development of miniature DPL,and how to improve the quality is also discussed.
The propagation of a high-power laser diode and its’ application in DPL areanalyzed in this dissertation. A model to describe the vector far-field propagation of ahigh-power laser diode is given; the discussion of the field about the bar and stack,andhow the pumping light affect the diode pumped solid state laser are discussed; Finally,we analysised the directly coupled pumping technique.
1. For the high-power laser diode, which works in the TM-mode state, the vectornonparaxial theory and a simple mathematical expression to describe the propagation ofa high-power laser diode are proposed. The analysis of the relative error yielded by thescalar approximation of the laser diode beams is presented. The results indicate that wemust consider the vector properties of the far-field distribution, when we need toaccurately describe the far-field propagation of a TM-mode high-power laser diode,especially in the nonparaxial region.
2. The bi-peak model is applied to describe the field distribution for both bar andstack lasers, and the far-field intensity of each emitter are superposed non-coherently,then the far-field intensity model of the bar and stack lasers are obtained. According tothis model, the far-field intensity distribution of the real bar and stack is simulated. Forbar and stack, quantitative descriptions of both homogeneously-distributed regions andthe position where the distribution is similar with bi-peak distribution emitted by asingle emitter are given. The corresponding experienced formulas are also presented. Bythese formulas and the parameters given in the datasheet, the homogeneously-distributed regions and the position can be easily found. The results of this paper can beuseful for the design of optical systems and the evaluation of the laser beam’s quality in the practical application.
3. The diffraction theory of resonators with the pumping gain is discussed in thepresent work; the results show that the pumping light can strongly affect the oscillatinglaser even in plane-plane cavity. In specifically, how the distribution of pumping lightand the size of pumping light, and the power of pumping light affect the oscillating laserhas been analysed. In practice, to design better DPL we should optimize the pumpinglight based on the need of the oscillating laser.
4. Direct pumping technique of micro-modularization DPL is studied. The pumpdistribution of laser diode in gain medium is obtained and analyzed. The optimalpumping distribution in the gain medium is discussed. Bsed on the rate equation of fourlevel systems, the simulation of side pumped Nd: YAG laser is established. Computedresults indicate that the position of the pumping LD can influence the beam quality M2.An experimental equipment of laser diode symmetrically side-pumped Nd: YAG laser isdesigned.
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