摘要
嫁接机技术是近年在国际上出现的一种集机械、自动控制与园艺技术于一体的高新技术。在极短的时间内，把嫁接的砧木和穗木嫁接为一体，大幅度提高嫁接速度，减轻劳动强度和提高生产率，被誉为嫁接育苗的一场革命。因此，苗木嫁接机系统的成功研究对种植业和农业现代化的发展产生深远的影响，促进国民经济增长，并在学术研究上也有十分重要的影响意义。切削机构是自动嫁接机的关键组成部分，切削机构设计的好坏直接影响嫁接的效率、成活率和嫁接机的品质。所以，切削机构的研究是重中之重。
以桃树嫁接苗作为试验研究对象，开创木本植物苗木嫁接机研究新领域。本课题主要研究机械嫁接法的选择；开发研制模拟切削试验装置和抗压伤试验装置及其配套装置；苗木物理机械性能试验研究；运用最新的工程分析软件MATLAB6.5对切削机构的参数进行优化；模拟切削正交试验分析和SPSS软件回归分析；改进设计夹持机构和设计新型的半旋转切削机构。
主要研究结果：苗木嫁接机机械嫁接法采用贴接法；切削方式采用滑切，双支承切割和削切；切削机构参数优化的数学模型：和参数优化结果为x=[0.99833001.510]；切削阻力和切削成功率的回归方程分别为：y=-0.305-0.016x_1+0.965x_2-0.03x_3；Y=81.986+0.544x_1-11.176x_2+0.589x_3，X1、x2、x3分别为转速、苗木直径、滑切角度，并通过显著性检验，结果均为显著；得出最大抗压伤力F_s=1.0(kgF)，最大的切削阻力F_(c max)=1.968(kgF)和切削的最小线速度v=0.26(m／s)。综合研究结果，改进设计了夹持机构和系统设计了新型的半旋转切削机构。
At present, with the development of Chinese economic and rural reform, many large and middle scale plants invested much are set up step by step, as well as a lot of small plants with plastic shed or greenhouse. At the same time, after the China' s access to WTO, our traditional grafting technology is facing tremendous inevitable challenges because of the internal and international agricultural competition, the way applying auto-mechanism to graft which appears recently as a hi-tech in the world integrate machine, auto-control technology with horticultural technology. This way makes the cutting parts of scion and rootstock together in extreme short time, sharply increasing the grafting speed and the survival rate, productivity as well as decreasing labor intensity, which is called revolutionary in grafting domain. So, the successful study of auto- grafting mechanism has great influence on Chinese economic and becomes very important to scholar study. The cutting mechanism, the key of auto grafting mechanism, is the beginning study of the machine. The designing of the cutting mechanism has immediate influence on efficiency, the survival rate and the quality of auto grafting mechanism. This study is also vital.
Now, the author take young peach plants as objects of grafting test, creating the new field of fruit tree grafting with auto-grafting mechanism. On the base of tests, this paper discusses theoretically and analyses practically including the following parts by test: Choosing the project of auto grafting; studying and designing crushing resistance device and test, designing and theoretical analysis of the cutting mechanism, setting up mathematics model to optimize the parameters of the half-rotation cutting mechanism with MATLAB6.5 language; studying on secant and smooth cutting, single-sustained cutting and double-sustained cutting, finding the relation between cutting and fiber orientation of young plants. Creating analog cutting device to test and performing orthogonal test analysis, the author figures out best combination of the cutting force and the rate of the successful cutting with SPSS and checks the conclusion with regression equation. Finally, the author calculates the impetus of the half-rotation cutting device.
Basing on the careful study, this paper draws many conclusions: grafting with auto-mechanism
adopts sticking grafting, the mathematic model: f( ,R,B,D) = R2+B2(i-cos( /2)) and the optimized
parameters is x = [0.9983 3001.510]. this mechanism adopts smooth cutting and the maximal of crushing resistance force-F is equal tol.OkgF; adopting new type grasping device .The regression equation about cutting force and the rate of the successful cutting are y=-0. 305-0. 016x1+0. 965x2-0. 03x3 ; Y=81. 986+0. 544x1-11. 176x2+0. 589x3 respectively, x1,x2,x3 is the rotate speed, the diameter of the young tree, the angle of cutting respectively, which are remarkable by the signature . At last, comprehensively design the half-rotation cutting structure, choice the dynamic machine and cam.
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