摘要
鱼类性腺既是产生配子的场所，也是重要的内分泌器官。在鱼类性腺发育成熟和排放过程中，性腺产生的性类固醇激素通过反馈作用来协调脑垂体促性腺激素(GtH)适量的合成与释放。与之同时，垂体细胞和血液中性激素含量都呈现规律性变化。本研究运用组织学和免疫组织化学方法对石鲽(Karetus bicoloratus)性腺和垂体进行了系统的研究，并采用双抗体放射免疫测定法(RIA)测定繁殖季节注射外源激素LHRH-A后石鲽血清睾酮T和雌二醇E_2的含量变化。
1．石鲽性腺周期发育的组织学观察
石鲽卵巢一对，呈三角戟状。未成熟卵巢呈淡黄色或淡红色，成熟卵巢米黄色或橘红色。卵巢的发育分为6个时期，卵细胞发育分为5个时相，其中卵原细胞和精原细胞用组织学难以区分，2时相卵母细胞胞质内出现卵黄核；3时相卵母细胞卵黄开始积累；4时相卵母细胞出现两层滤泡细胞：4时相后期核开始偏位，胚基出现：5时相成熟卵细胞胞核消失，呈游离状态；Ⅵ期卵巢内卵黄颗粒融合成块状，并开始退化吸收；处于恢复期(Ⅱ期)的卵巢很容易被苏木精然成深蓝色。各个时期的卵细胞核仁数量，胞膜厚度及细胞体积变化很大。
石鲽精巢和卵巢一样，成对，未成熟精巢线状、半透明，成熟精巢膨大的软体状、乳白色。石鲽精巢小叶型。精巢的发育分为6个时期，精细胞的发育经历精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子。其中Ⅲ期精巢包含了所有精细胞；Ⅳ期精巢精细胞的发育高度一致：Ⅴ期精巢细胞数量达到顶峰。
2．石鲽性腺免疫组织化学观察
石鲽性腺的免疫组化显示，Ⅰ-Ⅵ期的卵巢对雌二醇(E_2)及雌激素受体(ER)都显免疫阳性反应，其中卵黄生成前期和卵黄生成期E_2表达最强，主要分布在胞质、核质和核膜。而在卵黄形成后期和趋于成熟的卵母细胞中雌二醇表达减弱，主要分布在胞质、滤泡细胞、核质和卵黄颗粒，核仁也有表达。ER在卵母细胞中的分布和E_2相似，只是在成熟期较E_2反应强些。
E_2和ER在精巢各个时期的分布几乎完全一致，说明了E_2通过ER作用于精细胞发育的各个
The gonad of fish is not only the tissue which can produce gametes, but also an important endocrine gland. The steroid hormone, produced by gonad, regulates the forming and release of GtH through feedback effect during the development and maturation of gonads in fish. Accordingly, changes are occurent in the pituitary cells and steroid hormone in plasma. In this research, the gonad, pituitary and sexual steroid hormone of stone flounder (Kareius bicoloratus) are studied by histological staining techniques, immunohistochemical and radioimmunoassay mehods.
1. Histological study on the development and annual change in the gonad of stone flounder
There is a pair of triangular ovaries in stone flounder. The color of immature ovary is light yellow or rosiness and that of the mature one is maize or mahogany. The development of ovary can be divided into six stages and the oocytes be divided into five phases. It is difficult to differentiate the oogonium from spermatogonia; The yolk nuclear appears in phase 2 oogyte and vitellin starts to accumulate in phase 3 oogyte; There are two follicular cells in phase 4 oogyte; The nuclear deflexion and formation of embryo radicel occur in the telophase of phase 4 ovary; The nuclear disappears in phase 5 oogyte when the oogyte becomes dissociating. In the stage VI, vitellin granule starts to inosculate into big granule, and degenerate, be assimilated subsequently. The ovary, which gets to the stage II, can be easily dyed to deep blue. Great changs take place in the nucleolus, follicular cells and cell volume in different phases.
The double testes of stone flounder is lobular type in appearance. The immature testis is filament, half clarity while the mature one is big velvet, milkiness in color. The development of testis can be devided into six stages and the development of male germ cells experience four cell-types, including spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatid and spermatozoa. Thereinto, the stage III testis includes all kinds of male germ cells; In the later of stage IV, the development of the
引文
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