摘要
反倾销税是针对倾销的存在而实施的,是WTO允许其成员国用于保护国内企业和市场,抵制进口产品不正当竞争的主要行政手段之一。但是随着世界贸易竞争的加剧,反倾销税的实施被许多国家最大限度地发挥甚至滥用,成为搞贸易保护主义倾向的工具。
通过对反倾销税的含义、实质,以及其带来的负效应的分析可以看出,反倾销税作为世界各国广泛采用的反倾销主要措施,在通过提高进口价格限制进口、对国内进口竞争产业发挥保护作用的同时,常常损害国内消费者福利,并且消费者的福利损失通常大于反倾销税对本国经济的保护效应,由此对进口国的整体利益产生负面影响。加之反倾销税引致的贸易转移效应扩大在一定程度上也降低了反倾销税的保护效果,导致反倾销税无法从根本上实现贸易保护的理性预期。作为一项贸易政策,反倾销税应服务于发展本国经济,增进国家整体福利水平,而非局限于保护进口竞争产业。因此,慎用反倾销税这项措施,对其经济合理性作出判断,是值得世界各国深入研究的问题。
在分析反倾销税的负效应,并对其进行科学评价的基础上,发现反倾销税实施的负效应主要有:破坏国际贸易公平、贸易转移效应扩大、反倾销方国民经济整体福利下降、被保护方产业竞争力下降等。各国政府在实施反倾销税时应该充分考虑上述因素,找到反倾销税真正合理、经济的贸易保护作用、国内消费者福利、国家整体经济福利和被保护方产业竞争力四者的均衡,使之最大限度发挥其经济正效应。
Antidumping aims at the existence of dumping, and is allowed to protect its members’domestic enterprises and markets by WTO and is one of the main administrative methods to reject the malfeasance competition of importing products. However, as the competition of the international trade becomes more aggravating, antidumping method was used, even abused at the maximal limitation by many countries and became a tool trending to trade protectionism.
By analyzing the essence, causes and economic effect of antidumping, we can see that antidumping tax, which was used extensively by every country as the main antidumping way, at the one hand, protests the domestic competition industries for importing by increasing the importing price to limit importation, on the other hand, often damages domestic consumers’welfare. And what’s more, the damage of consumers’welfare is often more than the protecting effect which antidumping tax dose to their own economy. So antidumping tax play a negative role in the whole importers’economy. In addition, the effect of trade shifting and direct investment caused by antidumping tax in some degree decreases the protecting result of antidumping tax so that antidumping tax cannot achieve the rational expectancy of trade protestation thoroughly. As one kind of trade policy, antidumping tax should serve for developing domestic economy, raising the whole country‘s welfare, while is not limited in protesting the competition industries for importing. As a result of this, using antidumping tax more carefully and judging their economies’rationality are the problem worthy of more researches for every country.
On the basis of analyzing the economic effect of antidumping tax and assessing scientifically the current calculate formulae of antidumping tax, we find that the main causes which restrict antidumping tax’s optimization identification are following: the demand elasticity of importers’consumers, the
引文
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