摘要
大庆油田已将聚合物驱油技术作为原油稳产的重要措施，并已开始实施。该技术的实施和推广，势必产出大量的含聚合物的采出水，根据大庆油田聚合物驱“九五”规划，“九五”期间，全油田聚合物驱累积产油2.7×104t，累积产水1.6×108m3。如何将产出污水经济、有效地处理和利用起来，具有十分重要的现实意义。
聚合物驱采出水是一种新型的含油污水体系，由于水体中聚合物的存在，使其水质特征变得十分复杂，加大了污水处理的难度，用含油污水常规处理技术已很难使污水得到有效的处理。因而，寻求新的含油污水处理工艺、与之相配套的药剂以及高效、实用的混合反应设备，有效地净化水质，是高分子研究人员面临的一个亟待解决的难题。
对聚合物驱采出水进行的常规动态沉降试验表明，对于含有聚合物(400mg/L)的采出水，经过较长时间重力沉降(7.5h)，其油水分离效果很差，对悬浮固体几乎没有去除作用，这表明，仅靠沉降处理无法去除悬浮固体。经过旋流和二次过滤处理后，可以使悬浮固体颗粒粒径(≤5.0μm)分布P≥80%,达到高渗透油藏的注水水质标准，但悬浮固体含量高(30mg/L)，这说明聚合物采出水中的悬浮固体大部分以很小的颗粒(≤5.0μm)形式存在，而且比较稳定，很难用现有处理方法使其聚并后去除，利用絮凝剂使水中油珠和悬浮固体脱稳，最终聚结成大的颗粒而脱离水体，是使污水得以净化的一条有效途径。本论文就是要研制出针对聚合物驱采出水中悬浮固体的高效絮凝剂和设备，去除污水中油珠和悬浮固体，使污水水质得到有效净化。
絮凝剂研究是聚合物驱含油污水处理技术的重要组成部分。因此，研制一种高效、低耗的聚合物驱含油污水絮凝剂和设备，降低运行成本，对于油田开发和大庆的可持续发展的战略目标是非常必要的。
絮凝剂实验室效果和现场应用效果的差别，从一定程度上反映出传统污水净化设备的局限性，新型高效、节能设备的研制会挖掘和强化絮凝剂污水净化能力。
在常规污水处理工艺流程上，在沉降时间为4.5h，一次过滤滤速为12m/h，二次过滤滤速为5m/h，原水中悬浮固体含量为20～90mg/L，含油量为110～18000mg/L，聚合物含量为235～349mg/L的条件下，投加XN98絮凝剂50mg/L，其处理后水质可以达到中、高渗透层含聚合物污水注水水质控制指标要求及高渗透层常规污水注水水质控制指标要求。投加XN98絮凝剂200mg/L，处理后水质可以达到低渗透层含聚合物污水注水水质控制指标要求及中、高渗透层常规污水注水水质控制指标要求,即水悬浮固体含量≤30mg/L，污水含油量≤20.0mg/L，反冲洗周期则较短，为7.5h。同时新型絮凝剂XN98又具有合成工艺简单，水溶性好，使用方便的特点。
混合反应设备的现场应用实践表明，无论是反应出水的静沉试验数据，还是CPI的最终出水效果，说明反应器的设计是成功的。经过一级CPI沉降分离，出水油稳定在10 mg/l左右，悬浮物在20 mg/l左右，取除率达70%。
聚合物驱絮凝剂的研制在絮凝剂研究领域缺乏的情况下，本次研究成果具有极大的理论价值和现实意义。处理设备的开发试验为水处理的规模化发展奠定了基础。
The driving oil technology with polymer is nowaday the most important methom in Daqing Oilfield foe stabilizing crude oil product, which is putting in use and accompanying with a great mass of sewage enriching polymer. According to the 9th five year’ blueprint about driving oil with polymer, about 2.7×104 tons crude oil and 1.6×108 cubic meters will be produced during these years.It holds the more practice importance to deal with and use the sewage ecnomocally and effectively.
The sewage with a bit oil belongs to the new sewage system. As the polymer exists in water, characters of qutity is becoming very complex and difficult to handle. For that, it is urgent problem to develop a new processing craft, mating chemicals and practical react equipment.
The regular settling tests for oily sewage with polymer indicate that ordure is difficult to put apart from water by grativity settlement for about seven and a half hours, which hardly disposes of the suspended solid and is not a effitive method. Although suspened solid particle diameter is not more than 5μm and distributing percent is more than 80 and meets the reqirement of injected water for high saturated resource after eddies and the second filter, tiny particle steadily exists in the processed sewage and is removed from them with present processing facilities. Floccut is able to destroy
the stabilization of them and acceblate them congregate to more particles and escape from water，which is a effective approach to pury oily sewage. The purpose of study is to develop a new type floccut and facility for treating oily sewage with polymer and removing the dirtiness and suspended solid.
Floccut study which consists of the efficient and low cost floccut and eqqupment is a important component. It is a necesary stratery for oilfield continuous development.
Furthermore, the efficiency differences between lab and site indicate the localization of current process facilities. So the potential purification ability must be increased by a efficient and low cost mixing reaction equipment.
Having been passed a lot of tests in lab and site, they are put out. The fruit is following.
By the regular present processing flowsheet in which settling time is four and a half hours,the first filtering velocity is 12 meter per hour and the second is five, the solid content in the oily sewage is between 20~90mg/l, oil content is between 110~18000mg/l, polymer content is between 235~349mg/l. After adding 50 mg/l XN98 floccut, the water quality standard satisfies the reqirements of injected water with polymer in high saturated oil resourse and regular seweage. If 200 mg/l XN98 is put into the oily seweage, reqirements） in low satarated resourse is met, suspended solid content not more than 30mg/L,oily content not more than 20mg/l, and
the duration for counter-rinsing is shorter to 7.5 hours. Further more the newly floccut is easily produced, high water-sobulity and convinent for use.
For mixing reacted facility, after being employed in site, the success is proved by the data for settlement and water quality from CPI. Oily content is constantly about 10mg/l. suspended solid content is about 20mg/l. The total separated efficency is over 70 percent.
The research of floccut for oily sewage with polymer is mostly in possession of academic and practical significancies. The success of facility laied a foundation for oily seweage treatment scale-up.
引文
1 期刊文献
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