摘要
硬质材料精密球在精密工程领域发挥着重要的作用,它是各种精密测量仪器中的重要元件。但是由于传统研磨加工方法的机构复杂,控制精度不高,工艺数据的有效管理手段缺乏,存在成球质量一致性和稳定性较差,加工成本高,批量生产高球度的硬质材料球难度较大等问题,限制了硬质材料球的生产和应用。
本文的研究工作是基于精密球新型研磨方式的基础研究,针对上述传统研磨加工方法的不足,设计和开发了高效精密球体研磨机控制系统的硬件和软件。该系统采用广域互联网,内部以太网以及现场CAN总线三层结构的整体结构。在加工载荷控制系统中,针对双自转研磨方式的主要控制参数--加工载荷,提出了自适应控制策略,解决了加工载荷实时精确的控制的问题;在工艺数据库系统中,对其进行了需求分析,设计了工艺数据库的概念结构和逻辑结构,构建了工艺数据库,解决了工艺数据不能有效管理,人工操作的不稳定性等问题,进而保证批量加工精度和质量的高一致性。最后在样机上通过Φ35mm硬质合金球为研制对象进行加工试验,其实验结果显示,采用所研制的设备可批量加工出高质量的硬质材料精密球,球度达到1μm,表面粗糙度Ra 50nm,成球尺寸与球度一致性、稳定性好,初步实现了硬质材料精密球高效、高精度、高稳定性的研磨加工。
Hardness material precision ball plays an important role in precision engineering field, which is considered as one of the most important elements. Because of the complication of the traditional lapping technique and control, the consistence and stability of ball are poor, the cost is high, it is difficult to get hardness material ball of high sphericity,and the application of the hardness material sphere is limited.
The study of this paper was based on based on the basic research of a new type of lapping method for high precision ball. To address the above deficiencies of traditional grinding method,the control construction of wide world internet, Intranet Ethernet networks and on-site CAN bus are adopted and designing of control system of hardware and software for precision balls lapping machine. Aiming at the two-way rotation of the main control parameters of grinding,adaptive control strategy is proposed.at the same tame,the technology database which can effective administrate the process data and provide some guidance on the process design,eliminate the instability of manual operation effectively, ensure the accuracy and quality of the batch processing of high consistency is built.In the final part of this paper, silicon nitride ceramics balls (Φ35mm) are taken as object of a high efficiency lapping experiment on the lapping machine. As a result of the experiment, fine sphericity (1μm), surface roughness (Ra 50nm) of the silicon nitride ceramics balls are obtained, Size and sphericity of the ball consistency stability High processing efficiency,high quality of Lapping and high stability is realized in rotated dual-plates lapping machine for precision balls.
引文
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