摘要
随着软件开发规模和复杂性不断提高,随着社会对软件开发速度和数量要求不断提高,“软件危机”愈加明显的暴露出来,提高软件生产率成为软件产业当务之急。为了克服“软件危机”,人们提出了软件复用思想并对其进行了不懈的研究。软件构件技术被认为是解决软件危机,提高软件生产率和软件质量,增强软件开发性和对外部扰动适应性的主要途径。
同时,随着网络技术的发展,更多的考试正从传统的笔纸考试向基于Web的在线考试转变。这种考试形式不但减轻了教师的负担而且还提高了工作效率。因此,学校、公司、网站对考试系统软件需求的呼声越来越高。
基于以上两方面原因,本文提出将软件构件技术引入到在线考试系统的开发中,以实现考试系统软件的工业化生产。首先,本文探讨了软件构件技术的相关概念及基于软件构件技术的软件开发方法,并对目前三种主流的构件模型进行介绍和比较,总结出EJB构件模型的优势。其次,采用基于UML技术的构件抽取方法和构件抽取策略,通过建立系统用例图和序列图对系统流程和功能进行分析,在此基础上,对系统进行构件抽取,建立系统各部分功能的构件模型。再对已抽取的构件进行分析和调整。最后,采用EJB技术实现抽取好的构件,并探讨构件的组装问题。
With the increase of software development scale and complexity,as well as the boost to the need of software development speed and quantity,sofeware crisis has been exposed increasing.It's emergency to increase the efficiency of software.To conquer software crisis,theory of software reuse is presented and has been under study. The technology based on software components is considered as the main measure to solve software crisis,improve software productivity efficiency and software quality,and enhance the adaptability to outside noise.
With the development of network,the author has discovered that more examinations in paper have convert to on computers.This kind examination not only reduce the burden of teacher but also increase working efficiency.So the needs of schools,companies and network stations for examing system software are more and more.
Based on the two factors above,in order to realize the industrialization of examing system,author hopes that reuse technology on the basis of software component is introduced to the design and development of examing system through the study on software component and relating technologies.First,this paper discusses software component technology and software development method based on it,then introduces three main-stream software component models and draws comparisons in them.Second,after analyzing system requirement and studying UML modeling technology,it proposes component extracting method and strategy based on UML technology. By analying examing system in use of use case diagrams and sequence diagrams, extracts components and constructs component models of function of all parts of the system. Then analyzes and regulates the components.Last,realizes the components by use of EJB,then discusses the organization and test of them.
引文
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