摘要
注水是油田保持地层压力的主要措施之一。目前我国油田大多处于高含水期,注水量大导致注水投入占油田生产投入比例较高。因此,提高注水系统效率从而降低油田生产成本非常重要。本文在前人研究的基础上,总结归纳了注水系统各基本单元数学模型,应用工程流体力学与图论相关知识建立了注水系统管网压力流量计算模型,并通过简单迭代的方法予以求解验证;针对多泵站集中供水的大型压力耦合注水系统,根据压力谷性质分解,建立了多泵站注水系统子系统数学模型,得到了大型注水系统压力流量的计算方法,并通过算例计算其压力分布状况;依据最优化原理,建立了注水站最优流量数学模型及注水泵运行优化数学模型,使得注水站能够高效运行;根据注水管道自身特点,结合技术经济学方法,推导出了油田注水管道经济管径与经济流速关系式,并给出了经济管径与经济流速之间关系图版;在文献调研的基础上给出了注水系统管网结构规划方法,并针对单井增压建立了经济评价模型;综合运用以上模型采用VB语言编制了相应的注水系统优化设计程序并进行了实例分析。
Oilfield water injection is the main measure to maintain the reservoir pressure. A large amount of water leads to that water injection investment accounts for a high proportion of production as well as most of China's current oil fields are in high water cut stage at present. Therefore, it is very important to improve the efficiency of water injection system for saving the cost of production. On the basis of previous studies, it is summarized that the mathematical model of basic units of the water injection system, established that the model of water injection system pipe network pressure and flow calculation, and solved through simple iterative method. It is established that the model of subsystem for centralizing water supply of pumping stations for multi-coupling large-scale pressure injection system according to the concept of decomposition of the pressure valley, and calculated through an example for the pressure distribution conditions. Based on Optimization Theory, it is established that mathematical models of injection pump operation optimization and optimal flow rate of pump station to run water injection station efficiently. Combined with Technology Economics, it is derived that relation expressions of the oilfield water injection pipe diameter and economic velocity, the structure of the water injection system pipe network planning methods, the establishment of an economic boost for the single-well evaluation model and the correlation of the water injection system efficiency and water flow according to water pipe characteristics on the basis of literature survey, and given that the correlation between the diameter and economic velocity. And a computer program is compiled to verify the models through a simple example.
引文
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