摘要
大气气溶胶对气候、环境及人类等都有重要的影响,因此,气溶胶的质量浓度、粒度分布、化学组成及其来源,一直是大气科学和环境科学研究的重要内容。
淮南市是中国重要的能源基地,是重点建设6个煤电基地之一；现有主力发电厂5家,总装机容量840万千瓦；在煤生产和能源基地建设的同时,也带来了许多环境问题。其中,最突出的是煤炭燃烧、烟尘排放对大气环境和人体健康造成的危害；环境保护局公布,淮南市的首要污染物是可吸入颗粒物。
本研究在淮南市蔡家岗、安城镇、洞山、田家庵及大通采集了大气PM10和PM25样品。利用分析天平、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪、图像分析、气相质谱连用(GC-MS)及电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)等分析研究了大气颗粒物的物理、化学特征及其来源。
结果显示,淮南市大气颗粒物污染水平具有明显的季节和空间变化：冬季和春季污染重,夏季污染最轻；蔡家岗污染重,大通则轻；颗粒物上元素在细粒子中的富集程度高于粗粒子；淮南市大气颗粒物的来源有燃煤、燃油、汽车尾气排放、工业生产和土壤扬尘等。
Atmospheric aerosols have important influence on climate and environment and human beings, therefore, concentration, particle size distribution, chemical composition and its source of aerosols have been of the important research contents, which atmospheric science and environmental science research.
Huainan is one of China's energy bases, one among the six coal-power bases. Now there are 5 big power plants with a total capacity of 8.4 million KW. Together with coal production and energy base construction, environmental pollution problems are unavoidable, the most serious of which is impact of coal combustion and dust emission on atmospheric environment and people's health. Environmental Protection Agency announced that the first pollutant of Huainan city is the inhalable particles.
PM10 and PM2.5 samples were collected at Caijiagang, Anchengzhen, Dongshan, Tianjiaan and Datong. Physico-chemical characteristics and sources of airborne particles were investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope, Analytical Balance, X-ray Spectrum, Image Analysis, Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer.
Results show:polluting levels of particulate matters in air are much different in space-time changes; Concentrations of particles in winter and spring are much higher than other seasons, and concentration in summer is low. Polluting level in Xiejiaji is high, and Datong low. Elements in PM2.5 are more enriched. And sources of particulate matters in air include soil source, coal burning, oil burning, and manufacturing production.
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