摘要
近年来，电磁兼容技术的应用越来越深入和广泛。对电磁兼容性的测试大都采用开阔的测试场地，但现代生活环境中很难找到理想的开阔场。因此，国内、外都相继建立了许多微波暗室。但微波暗室内可以模拟成自由空间的区域很小；因此，要想测试如战斗机的电磁兼容性，必须建成大型微波暗室。美国大约有十个(80m×76m×26m)规格的微波暗室。微波暗室的尺寸越大，内设吸收波材料越厚，对电磁波的吸收越好，越能更好的模拟开阔场地。但这样做的成本非常高，世界各国不惜重金建造不同用途的微波暗室。
目前国内、外一定形状微波暗室内静区大小的计算还没有报道。本论文的指导思想是通过对一定形状外形尺寸的微波暗室内吸收材料对电磁波的吸收、反射、绕射。推导出静区的大小和形状。
本文概述了电磁波的基本理论。对吸波的机理、种类、结构形状及国内外的相关研究做了一般的阐述。
本文重点讨论微波暗室内静区的大小。主要计算长方体微波暗室内静区的大小，采用几何光学理论和几何绕射理论，从物理学中能量的角度对尖劈形吸波材料对电磁波的反射、折射、绕射及对电磁波的吸收做了定量的计算。并对由某一点发出的电磁波在尖劈界面的多次反射及在材料内部的衰减，绕射情况进行较详细的分析。用数学方法对微波暗室内发射点和接受点的几何关系进行推导。用射线跟踪方法，计算机编程，加入各种边界条件，对获得的不同结果进行筛选，从而得出最佳设计结果。
本文还对微波暗室内静区的测试方法，测试天线的安装、调试做了一般性的阐述。
Recently, Electromagnetic Compatibility Technology (EMC) has been used widely. The test for EMC had been made with the open field in engineering. Because there could be few ideal open testing field, the microwave chambers have been built in many countries. The large chamber must be constructed for giving a big free space in order to make warplane testing. In the United States of American, there are more than 10 chambers with the volume of 80m×76m×26m. The bigger the volume of chamber is, the thicker the absorber lined is, and the better the electromagnetic wave would be taken up. Although the construction cost would be high, many chambers are being built hi advanced countries.
So far there is no report about the computation for the pure area of microwave chamber in china, hi this paper, the pure area dimensions and shape are given by the computation to the absorbing, reflecting and bobbing of electromagnetic wave with the given absorber in chamber.
At first, the basic theory of electromagnetic wave has been introduced. The research works reported about the principle, type and structure have been summarized.
Secondly, the computation of the chamber pure area has been discussed mainly in the paper. With the Geometry Optics theory and the Geometry Optics Bobbing theory, the electromagnetic wave attenuation in and out the absorber has been analyzed by a computer. According to the computed results an optimal design has been obtained.
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