摘要
近年来,随着工业的迅速发展和人民生活水平的提高,人们的卫生意识进一步提高,抗菌纺织品越来越受到消费者的喜爱。人们对纳米TiO_2进行了深入的研究,发现纳米TiO_2具有优异的抗菌性能,而且对人体无毒、无害,因此被广泛地应用于纺织品的抗菌整理。
本文主要研究了纳米TiO_2用于织物整理的抗菌性能,还介绍了通过浸-轧法将其应用于织物整理的工艺,并对纳米TiO_2进行了表征。对一些常用的抗菌测试方法进行比较,选取适合实验条件的吸收法测试织物的抗菌性能。考察了整理剂浓度、实验菌种、作用时间等因素对纳米TiO_2抗菌效果的影响。并测试了不同整理剂(壳聚糖、壳聚糖和纳米TiO_2复配)整理织物的抗菌性能及不同织物(毛布和腈纶)的抗菌性能。
实验表明纳米TiO_2整理织物对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌都有比较好的抗菌性,抑菌率基本都达到80%。壳聚糖和纳米TiO_2复配整理后织物的抗菌性能优于单一壳聚糖整理的织物。耐洗性的测试结果表明织物与整理剂形成了牢固结合,整理后织物经过15次洗涤后,抑菌率仍达到80%以上。扫描电镜和红外光谱的测试结果表明,整理后织物表面覆盖了一层TiO_2薄膜。
In recent years,with the rapid development of industry and enhancement of people's living standards,people's hygienic consciousness enhances further and the antibacterial textiles receive more and more consumer's affection.People have conducted thorough research to the nano-TiO_2,then discovered the nano-TiO_2 has the outstanding antibacterial activity.Moreover,it is non-toxic,harmless to human body, therefore it was widely applied in the antimicrobial finishing of textile.
This article mainly studied the antibacterial activity of the fabrics which treated by nano-TiO_2,introduced the process of applying the nano-TiO_2 to fabrics by means of dip-pad method and characterized the nano-TiO_2 Compared several common antibacterial test methods and choosed the Absorption Method which the best for the test.The effects of the finishing agent concentration,the bacteria species and the reaction time on the impacts of the antibacterial activity of nano-TiO_2 were studied. Tested the antibacterial activity of the fabrics which treated by different finishing agents(chitosan、chitosan and the nano-TiO_2 crossing linking),and the antibacterial activity of different fabrics(wool、acrylic)which treated by nano-TiO_2.
The experiment showed that the nano-TiO_2 treated fabrics have good antibacterial activity against to Escherichia coli、Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus,all the percents reduction of bacteria were above 80%.The antibacterial activity of the treated fabrics of crosslinking agent better than chitosan.The treated fabrics have good hand and permeability to water vapour and air,after 15 times standard washing,the percent reduction of bacteria of the fiber was above 80%.There is a titanium dioxide thin coat on the surface of the treated fabrics,this was explained by SEM and FT-IR.
引文
[1]季君晖,史维明,抗菌材料[M],北京:化学工业出版社,2003,14-106
[2]唐人成,赵建平,梅士英,Lyocell纺织品染整加工技术[M],北京:中国纺织出版社,2001,338-355
[3]Tadash Matsunaga,Ryozo tomoda,Toshiak Nakajima,Hitoshiwake,Photoelectrchenical sterilization of microbial cells by semiconductor powers,FEMS Microbiology Letters,1985,29:211-214
[4]金宗哲,无机抗菌材料及应用[M],北京:化学工业出版社,2004,8-14
[5]曹美红,季铵盐抗菌剂M在纤维素纤维上的整理工艺研究,硕士学位论文,东华大学,2003,12
[6]周长林,微生物学[M],北京:中国医药科技出版社,2004,198-210
[7]赵希荣,壳聚糖防腐抗菌剂的研究,博士学位论文,江南大学,2006,6
[8]唐增荣,抗菌剂JNS-2000在纺织品上的应用研究,印染助剂,2002,4,23-26
[9]A.J.Salle,Fundamental Principles of Bacteriology,Seventh Edition,McGraw-Hill Book Company,1973,293
[10]何中琴译,棉纺织品的耐久性防臭整理,印染译丛,1997,2,43-44
[11]李艳,纳米无机抗菌剂及抗菌织物研究,硕士学位论文,西北大学,2002,5
[12]邢凤兰,徐群,贾丽华,印染助剂[M],北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[13]H.J.LEE,S.Y.YEO,S.H.JEONG,Antibacterial effect of nanosized silver colloidal solution on textile fabrics,Journal of Material Science 2003,38,2199-2204
[14]Soga M,Naganuma Y,Ag/TiO_2 composite ultra-fine particle studied with FE-SAM[J],J.Surf.Anal,1999,5(2):326
[15]Moriyama Y,Imai S,Ag containing antibacterial ceramics[J],Ceramics Japan,1996,31(7):584
[16]Liang Jinsheng,Liang Guangchuan,et al,Influence of composite phosphate inorganic antibacterial materials containing rare earth on activated water property of ceramics[J],Journal of Rare Earths,2004,22(3):436
[17]张家腾,服装科技,1994,21(4):55-56
[18]钦维民,产业用纺织品,1997,15(3):13-16
[19]CN 87 100 231 A
[20]张正君,邓宝祥,邓桦,纳米TiO_2在抗菌纺织品中的应用[J],第7届功能性纺织品及纳米技术研讨会论文集,2007,(4):58-63
[21]钟铮,抗菌防臭军用纺织品研究与开发,硕士学位论文,青岛大学,2004,4
[22]李玲,向航,功能材料与纳米技术[M],北京:化学工业出版社,2002
[23]Liyi Shi,Chunzhong Li,Aiping Chen,et al,Morphological structure of nanometer TiO_2-AlO_3 composite powders synthesized in high temperature gas mediumsreactor,Chemical Engineering Journal,2001,(84):405-411
[24]孙家跃,杜海燕,无机材料制造与应用[M],北京:化学工业出版社,2001
[25]吴腊英,刘丽敏,李长江,纳米二氧化钛的红外辐照相变[J],光散射学报,2003,14(4),208-211
[26]王建营,胡文祥,孙家跃,纳米二氧化钛光催化氧化在环境治理中的研究[J],化工时刊,2004,18(2),22-24
[27]范崇政,肖建平,丁延伟,纳米TiO_2的制备与光催化反应研究进展[J],科学通报,2001,46(4)
[28]黄艳娥,琚行松,纳米二氧化钛光催化降解水中有机污染物的研究进展[J],化工环保,2002,22(1):23-27
[29]Cai R X,Hashimoto K,Kubota Y,et al,Increment of photocatalytic killing of cancer cells using TiO_2 with the aid of superoxide dismutase[J],Chemistry Letters,1992,3(3):427-430
[30]Wei C,Lin W Y,Zainal Z,et al,Bactericidal activity of TiO_2 photocatalyst in aqueous media:toward a solar-assisted water disinfection system[J],Environ Science Technology,1994,28(5):934-938
[31]Mills A,David R H,Worsley D,et al,Water purification by semiconductor photocatalysis[J],Chem soc Review,1993,23(2):417-425
[32]黄汉生,日本TiO_2光催化剂的应用进展[J],工业用水与废水,2001,32(2):55
[33]夏敬义,亚麻纺纱工艺学[M],哈尔滨:黑龙江省科技出版社,1998,37
[34]冯西宁,纺织品的抗菌防臭整理技术[J],成都纺织高等专科学校学报,1997,14(1):19-22
[35]姜文侠,对抗菌防臭纤维制品抗菌效力评价方法的评论[J],纺织学报,1999,(2):63-64
[36]杨锦钊,抗菌防臭纤维制品的最近动向及课题(下)[J],译自日本纤维科学,1991,(7):39
[37]#12
[38]American Association Textile Chemical Color Technical MannuaI:AATCC Test Method 100-1993,1997,P143-144
[39]王俊起等,纺织品抗菌功能测试方法研究,中国卫生工程学,2003,8(2):15
[40]纤维制品卫生加工协议会编:Shake Flask法,纤维制品卫生加工协议会,1985:1-5
[41]李多,抗菌防螨整理的新进展,针织工业,1995,2,35-37
[42]谢学魁,陈丽华等,抗菌制品的抑菌效果检测方法研究[J],中国公共卫生,2001,(7):634-635
[43]中华人民共和国国家标准,一次性使用卫生用品卫生标GB15979-1992[S]
[44]Xu Wei-guo,Chen An-min,Zhang Qiang,Preparation of TiO_2 Thin Filmand Its Antib-acterial Activity[J],Journal of Wuhan University of Technology Mater,Sci.Ed,2004,19(1):16-18
[45]D.-S.LEE,T.-K.LIU,Preparation of TiO_2 Sol Using TiCl_4 as a Precursor[J],Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology,2002,25:121-136
[46]顾卓明,顾彩香,陈志刚,纳米粒子粒径的测量研究[J],理化检验-物理分册,2005,41(1):24-26
[47]征茂平,金燕苹,Sol-gel法制备TiO_2/PVP纳米复合材料及其表征[J],金属学报,1999,35(11):1224-1228
[48]孙秀果,张建民,周炬,锐钛型纳米二氧化钛的制备、表征及其机理研究[J],人工晶体学报,2005,34(5):944-947
[49]中华人民共和国卫生部,消毒技术规范,北京,1999
[50]中华人民共和国国家标准,织物耐洗性能试验方法 GB/T3921.1-1997
[51]张幼敏,检测Santimit整理织物的抗菌活性的简便着色技术[J],colourage,印染译丛,1993,5
[52]葛婕,王军,徐虹,抗菌纤维的最新研究进展[J],纺织导报,2006(3):50-51
[53]邹海清,王俊起,王友斌等,FZ/T 73023—2006《抗菌针织品》行业标准的编制过程、背景及相关参数的确定[J],针织工业,2006,8(8):1-8
[54]赵敏,周翔,聚合-交联整理棉织物的红外光谱分析及其性能[J],印染,2004,23:1-4
[55]朱镇方,无甲醛免烫整理剂在纯棉高支府绸上的应用[J],染整技术,2005,27(2):37-40
[56]黄玲,棉织物抗皱整理剂进展[J],印染,2003,9:43-45
[57]张立德,牟季美,纳米材料学[M],沈阳:辽宁科技出版社,1994
[58]谢芳,季铵盐表面活性剂和壳聚糖对羊毛织物的抗菌整理,硕士学位论文,青岛大学,2006,5