摘要
1.目的:
运用知信行理论模式，调查普通体检人群乙肝疫苗知识、态度及行为现状，并发现其影响因素，为提高健康人群乙肝疫苗接种率及乙型肝炎健康教育策略提供理论依据。
2.方法：
采用自行设计问卷，对2010年6月-2011年5月在吉林大学白求恩第一医院体检中心的普通体检人群，进行现场匿名问卷调查，发放问卷900份，回收问卷800份，有效问卷732份。采用描述性统计分析、SNK-q检验、单因素方差分析等对结果进行整理。
3.结果:
（1）普通体检人群一般情况
调查的732人中，男性355人，女性377人；35岁以下体检人群415人，35岁及35岁以上体检人群317人，平均年龄34.87±9.88；本科以下学历人群265人，本科及本科以上人群467人；工人93人，行政干部155人，技术干部108人，学生45人，其他331人；已婚522人，未婚210人；
（2）乙肝疫苗相关知识
对732名普通体检人群调查显示，普通体检人群对乙肝疫苗及其相关知识知晓率普遍较高。乙型肝炎是一种高度传染性疾病，我国是乙型肝炎的高流行区，乙肝病毒携带者可无任何症状，乙肝疫苗是唯一有效预防乙型肝炎的方法，乙肝疫苗需要注射3针、安全可靠的知晓率均超过50％；接种后需要每年检测抗体水平的知晓率为44.1%，乙肝病人餐具煮沸消毒时间是十分钟知晓率为39.5%，乙型肝炎经过性传播知晓率为51.5%。
知识的来源途径主要是医生（25.0%）、亲友（22.4%）、书籍（22.7%），电视（21.2%）、网络（6.7%），只有2.0%的体检人群知识来源于讲座。
知识的平均得分为11.42±4.12。经单因素方差分析得出，影响知识的影响因素主要为性别和文化程度，女性较男性认知程度高，高学历人群较低学历人群认知程度高，差异具有统计学意义（(P<0.05）。
（3）乙肝疫苗相关态度
88.1%愿意了解乙肝疫苗相关知识；91.4%认为有必要接种乙肝疫苗；当身边有乙型肝炎患者时，88.3%认为必须接种乙肝疫苗；当检测无抗体或抗体很低时，87.6%会主动接种乙肝疫苗；84.8%会主动提示家人接种乙肝疫苗；50%的体检人群介意同乙型肝炎患者或携带者共用毛巾、衣物以及同桌吃饭。只有34.5%的本科及其以上学历人群和30.9%的本科以下学历人群能勉强接受同乙肝患者或者携带者同桌吃饭；有27.6%的本科及其以上学历人群和25.0%的本科以下学历人群介意同乙肝患者日常交往。
态度的平均得分为4.77±1.82。经单因素方差分析结果得出，不同学历、性别人群在乙肝疫苗态度得分上差异显著，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
（4）乙肝疫苗相关行为
本组732人中，75.1%接种过乙肝疫苗，但接种人群中只有83.6%完成全程接种(即3针全部注射)，16.4%并没有完成全程接种；71.2%接种后每年检测抗体水平，90.1%不在卫生条件差的诊所注射、针灸或拔牙；在不明白乙肝相关知识的情况下27.0%的人选择请教医生，39.1%通过网络等自学，15.6%会咨询亲友，而18.3%选择视而不见。
行为的平均得分为6.37±1.75。经单因素方差分析得出，性别、学历、年龄是影响乙肝疫苗行为的主要因素，差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。
4.结论：
（1）本组普通体检人群乙肝疫苗相关知识认知能力普遍较好，知识的知晓率较高，但是知识的掌握存在不均衡的现象，同时还存在共同的知识盲点。性别、学历是其主要影响因素，
（2）本组普通体检人群对接种乙肝疫苗相关态度较好，大部分体检人群愿意主动了解相关知识；知识的来源途径主要是医生、亲友、电视和书籍，只有很小一部分体检人群知识来源于讲座。影响态度的主要因素为性别和学历。
（3）本组普通体检人群乙肝疫苗接种率较高，但部分体检人群并没有完成全程接种。同时本组体检人群自我保护意识较强，大部分人不在卫生条件差的诊所注射、针灸或拔牙。性别、学历、年龄是影响行为的主要因素。
（4）乙肝五项检测结果显示此次调查普通体检人群乙型肝炎阳性率为1.37%，远低于全国平均水平。
Objective:
Hepatitis B vaccine knowledge, attitude and practice of the general medicalpopulation was investigated by the theoretical model of KAP, and found the factswhich impact them.Providing a theoretical basis for improving the ordinaryexamination of hepatitis B vaccination rates and strategy of health education.
Methods:
Self-designed questionnaire was used. The crowd were site questioned whofrom June to October2010in the Jilin University Bethune Hospital MedicalCenter.732valid questionnaires were required. The results were analyzed utilizingDescriptive statistical analysis, SNK-q test, single factor analysis of variance.
Results:
1. The general situation of the general medical population
Survey of732people,355men,377women; medical population under theage of35,415,317physical examination population above the age of35and35years old, average age34.87±9.88;265undergraduate qualifications crowd,undergraduate and postgraduate crowd of467people;93workers,155administrative cadres,108technical cadres,45students, others331; married522,unmarried210;
2. Knowledge of the hepatitis B vaccine
The survey suggests that hepatitis B vaccine and its related knowledge isgenerally higher in the general examination. Hepatitis B is a highly contagiousdisease. It widely prevalent in China and carriers don't have any symptoms. Theonly effective method for preventing is Hepatitis B vaccine, The method is safe and reliable with less side action, three doses of knowledge are more than50%.44.1%of the general medical populations are aware of detecting antibody levels ayear after inoculation,39.5%of the people are aware of utensils of hepatitis Bpatients sterilized by boiling time more than ten minutes, and39.5%of the peopleare aware of hepatitis B transmitted by sex.
The source of knowledge are mainly doctors (25.0%), friends and relatives(22.4%) and books (22.7%), TV(21.7), Network(6.7);only2.0%of the medicalcrowd acquire d the knowledge from lectures.
The average score of knowledge is11.42±4.12. The impact of cognitivefactors are sex and cultural level by the ANOVA analysis test, women knows morethan men, highly educated population more than low educated. The difference wasstatistically significant ((P <0.05).
3. Attitude of Hepatitis B vaccine
88.1%of the crowd are willing to understand the knowledge of the hepatitisB vaccine;91.4%considered that it is necessary to hepatitis B vaccine;88.3%thought that must be vaccinated against hepatitis B epidemic when hepatitis Bpatients aside;87.6%are willing to vaccination vaccines initiatively when thedetection of antibodies is negative or antibody is very low;84.8%prompted hisfamily to hepatitis B vaccine initiatively;50%of the medical examination crowdreluctant to have altogether towels, clothing, and at the same table to eat with thehepatitis B patients or carriers.Only34.5%undergraduate or above and30.9%theundergraduate following people can accept it.27.6%o undergraduate degree orabove and25.0%of undergraduate following mind daily contacts with thehepatitis B patients.
Average score of the attitude is4.77±1.82. Different level of education andgender groups results different attitude by ANOVA analysis test. The differenceare significance (P <0.05).
4. Behavior of the hepatitis B vaccine
75.1%vaccinated against the hepatitis B vaccine,83.6%completed the wholeprogress (all injections,3-pin),71.2%detect antibody levels every year aftervaccination.90.1%do not inject, acupuncture, or tooth extracted in poor Healthconditions clinic,27.0%of the population consult doctor in the situation of notunderstanding hepatitis B-related knowledge,39.1%of self-learning through theInternet,27.0%of the population consult friends and relatives, while18.3%of thepopulation choose to turn a blind eye.
The average score of the behavior is6.37±1.75, gender, education and ageare the mainly factors affecting the behavior of hepatitis B vaccine by ANOVAanalysis test. The result shows significant difference (P <0.05).
Conclusion:
1. Hepatitis B vaccine knowledge of general medical population of cognitiveability is generally good, the knowledge rate is higher, but the mastery ofknowledge there is not an imbalance. Sex and education are the mainly factors,however common knowledge blind spot are exist.
2. General medical population hepatitis B vaccine with a good attitude, andmost of the medical population is willing to understand the knowledge initiatively.The sources of knowledge are mainly doctors, relatives, friends and books. Only asmall part of the general medical population acquired the knowledge fromlectures.
3. Hepatitis B vaccination rates of general medical population are higher,However, some medical populations and did not complete the full vaccination.Most of the general medical population do not inject, acupuncture, or toothextracted in poor Health conditions clinic, Gender, education and age are themainly factors affecting the behavior of hepatitis B vaccine.
4. The HBV five results show that hepatitis B-positive rate of the general examination was1.37percent which far below the national average.
引文
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