硒、铁、亚硝酸根电化学行为的研究及应用
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摘要
硒和铁都是人体必需的微量元素,微量元素的含量与人体的健康有着密切的关系。对于微量元素含量的测定在环境科学、药品、食品及临床分析中具有重要的作用。亚硝酸根普遍存在于环境水体和食品中,是一种重要的水污染物。由亚硝酸根产生的亚硝酸胺对人体具有致癌作用。因此快速、简便、灵敏、干扰少的微量元素和亚硝酸根的定量测定方法具有重要的应用价值。电化学方法具有操作快速、灵敏度高、设备简单、不受溶液颜色影响等特点。因此,本论文采用极谱分析法研究了硒、铁、亚硝酸根的电化学行为。
     1.硒(Ⅳ)-铜(Ⅱ)体系的催化吸附波研究及应用
     用线性扫描示波极谱法研究了硒(Ⅳ)-铜(Ⅱ)体系的伏安行为,发现在0.4mol.L~(-1)HAc溶液中,硒(Ⅳ)在铜(Ⅱ)的存在下,于-0.76V(vs.SCE)产生一灵敏的导数极谱波,峰电流与硒(Ⅳ)的浓度在5×10~(-8)~7×10~(-6)mol.L~(-1)的范围内线性关系,检出限为2×10~(-8)mol.L~(-1)。研究了该波的性质及电极反应机理,证明该催化波为吸附波。实验测得电子转移数n=2,不可逆吸附的转移系数α=0.61~0.68,反应速率常数Ks=1.41/s。并用建立的方法成功地测定了发样中的硒。
     2.Fe~(3+/2+)-MTB_NO_2~-催化吸附波的研究及应用—总铁的测定
     在pH=8.5,0.04 mol.L~(-1)的NH_3—NH_4Cl缓冲溶液中,Fe~(3+/2+)-MTB在NaNO_2存在下,于-1.10V(vs.SCE)产生一尖锐、灵敏的二次导数极谱波,峰电流与铁离子浓度在3×10~(-8)~5×10~(-6)mol.L~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,检出限为1×10~(-8)mol.L~(-1)。研究了该波的性质及电极反应机理,证明该催化波为吸附波。峰电流由中心离子铁(Ⅱ)还原产生。铁(Ⅱ)与络合剂的组成比为1∶1。络合物在汞电极上的饱和吸附量为1.92×10~(-9)mol/cm~2,符合Frumkin等温式。测得吸附系β=4.05×10~5,自由能ΔG~0=31.99 kJ/mol。电子转移数n=2,不可逆吸附的转移系数α为0.42~0.45,反应速率常数Ks=1.01/s。方法用于环境水、矿泉水和药品中痕量总铁的测定,结果满意。
    
    澎
    硕士学位论文
    MASTER’5 THESIS
     3.亚硝酸根的单扫描极谱测定
     在HAe和KCI底液中,维生素B 12与NOZ’作用,在一O.82V(vs.SCE)产生灵
    敏的导数极谱波,峰电流在sxlo一8~3xlo芍mol.L一,范围内呈线性关系,检出限
    为1 x 10-smol.L一,。研究了该波的性质及电极反应机理,证明该极谱波为吸附波。
    测得电极反应电子转移数n=2,不可逆吸附的转移系数0.54一0.58,反应速率常
    数Ks=l .26/5。方法灵敏、简单、快速,用于天然水样中NOZ一的测定,结果满意。
Selenium and iron are trace elements that indispensable and available to the life body. And the content of trace elements have great relation to human health. The determination of trace elements play an important role in the essay of environmental, science, medicine, food and clinic. Nitrite is serious pollution that lies in natural waters and foods. Nitrite amine that has changed by nitrite will do harm to human health and even cause cancer. So, establishing quick, simple, sensitive and less disruptive methods to determine trace elements and nitrite are very valuable in application. Electrochemistry method has the advantages of quickness, convenience, sensitivity and not being interfered by the color of the solution, therefore, the electrochemical behaviors of selenium and iron and nitrite were studied by polorgraphic method.
    1. Study on Catalytic Adsorptive Wave of Selenium (IV) and Copper(II) System and Its Application
    The electrochemical behaviors of selenium (IV) and copper( II) system has been studied in polarographic method. In 0.4 mol.L^HAc solution, a sensitive derivative polarographic of the Se (IV)-Cu( II) system appears at -0.76V (vs. SCE).The peak current is proportional to selenium concentration in the range of 5 X 10-8 ~ 7 × 10-6 mol.L01, the detection limit is 2×10-8 mol/L. Several electrochemical methods have been used to study the properties of the polarographic wave and the mechanism of electrode. It is proved that the wave is a catalytic adsorptive one. The number of electrons transferred (n) is 2 and the transfer coefficient (α) is 0.61~ 0.68 and the rate constant of surface electrode reaction (Ks) is 1.41/s. This method has been successfully applied to the determination of trace selenium in human hair samples.
    2. Study on Catalytic Adsorptive Wave of Fe3+/2+-MTB-NO2- and Its Application-Determination of total iron
    
    
    
    In 0.04 mol/L NHs-NRjCl buffer solution, at pH 8.5, a sensitive second derivative polarographic wave of Fe3+/2+-MTB-NO2" complex appears at -1.10V (vs. SCE). The peak current is proportional to iron concentration in the range of 3 × 10-8 ~ 5 × 10-6 mol.L-1 , the detection limit is 1 × 10-8 mol.L-1. Several electrochemical methods have been used to study the properties of the polarographic wave and the mechanism of electrode. It is proved that the wave is a catalytic adsorptive one. The peak current is produced by the reduction of Fe(II). The molar ratio of Fe( II) to MTB is 1:1 .The saturated adsorption amount of the complex at Hg electrode is 1.92×10-9 mol/cm2 and the adsorption obeys Frumkin adsorption isotherm. The adsorption coefficient(P) is 4.05 ×105 and G0 is 31.99kJ/mol. The number of electrons transferred (n) is 2 and the transfer coefficient (a ) is 0.42~0.45 and the rate constant of surface electrode reaction (Ks) is 1.01/s. This method has been successfully applied to the determination of t
    race
    
    total iron in medicine and water samples.
    3. Determination of Nitrite by Polarography
    The electrode reaction of vitamin 812 with nitrite was studied, and a sensitive derivative polarographic was given by the reaction product at the potential -0.82V(v.s. SCE) in HAc and KC1 solution. The peak current is proportional to nitrite concentration in the range of 5 × 10-8 ~3 × 10-6 mol.L-1, the detection limit is 1×10-8 mol.L-1. Several electrochemical methods have been used to study the properties of the polarographic wave and the mechanism of electrode. It is proved that the wave is a adsorptive one. The number of electrons transferred (n) is 2 and the transfer coefficient (α) is 0.54~0.58 and the rate constant of surface electrode reaction (Ks) is 1.26/s. This method sensitive, simple and rapid, it has been successfully applied to the determination of trace nitrites in natural water samples.
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