摘要
近年来,我国高速公路隧道的数量与里程不断增加,隧道所处的环境越来越复杂,已经投入运营的公路隧道病害频发,给隧道的安全运营和隧道内的机电设施带来较大的安全隐患。其中,公路隧道渗漏水现象以及由此产生的危害尤为普遍。
本文以重庆地区高速公路隧道渗漏水病害为依托背景,通过利用国内外资料分析、现场调研和数值模拟计算等多种方法对公路隧道的渗漏水病害进行了详细研究,获得以下成果：
1、现场调研了重庆地区高速公路营运隧道所处的地场环境、结构形式和防排水设计。探明了高速公路隧道的渗漏水病害规律,并对二次衬砌上出现的裂缝和渗漏水进行了量化统计分析。对高速公路隧道的渗漏水病害成因进行了分析,总结了不同水害情况下的治理方案,提出了地下水与衬砌裂缝和渗漏水的关联性。
2、采用数值模拟手段,获得了在地下水场中常见的四种隧道结构类型、三种防排水结构形式情况下,高速公路营运隧道衬砌结构受力和对地下水场变化的影响效果；探明了隧道处于无地下水环境和有地下水环境两种情况下,二次衬砌不同部位出现单条贯通裂缝时,隧道结构受力的变化规律和安全性。
3、利用调研资料和国内外相关资料,对高速公路隧道渗漏水的因素进行了归类,从自然地理因素、围岩及地下水因素和衬砌及防排水设施因素这三大方面分析了其对隧道渗漏水的影响,将重庆地区高速公路隧道渗漏水病害等级进行了划分。
In recent years, with the constant mounting of the quantity and length of the expressway tunnel, and the increasing complication of the tunnels location, accidents has been taking place frequently in present operation road tunnels, which bring about potential safety hazard to the operation of each road tunnel and the mechanical and electrical equipments in it. However, leackage in the road tunnel and the damage it caused might be the commonest.
Based on the operation tunnel of the highway in Chongqing City, this thesis has research on the leackage in road tunnels and gained the below said research results, by means of analysis of data both home and abroad, on-site survey, numerical calculation and simulation, etc. The main results remained are as follows:
1. The location, structure, and waterproof and drainage design of the operation highway tunnel in Chongqing are all surveryed on the spot. The regular pattern of leakage in highway tunnels is asertained and the cracks and leackage spots which are in the second lining are analyzed quantatively through the survey. In addition, with the analysis of the leackage formation, propostion schemes for different leackages are summarized and the cause and effect relationship among underground water, cracks in the lining, and leackage is explored in the survey.
2. By means of numerical calculation and simulation, the endurance capacity of the tunnel on the condition of the four common structures and three pattern of waterproof and drainage in undergroud water environment, and the influence result on undergroud water are achieved. The thesis exposed the loadcarrying capacity variation pattern of the tunnel struction and the safety of the tunnel struction when single fissure occurrs in different spots of the second lining. And this variation pattern is gained under two groudwater environment basis, one with water and the other without.
3. Trough researching the data home and abroad, the thesis summarizes the causes of tunnel leackages, analizes the influence caused by physical geography, wall rock and undergroud water, lining and waterproof and drainage facility, and sorts the leackage damage of tunnel in Chongqing.
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