摘要
在磁致伸缩效应及逆磁致伸缩效应下,超磁致伸缩换能器的输入与输出均存在着显著的磁机耦合和滞回非线性行为。为了设计及使用器件,必须建立其准确的数学模型。本文对换能器的滞回非线性模型进行了深入研究,取得了以下成果:
1.基于二次畴转磁致伸缩模型和无滞回磁化强度模型,将线性压磁方程扩展为一个非线性本构模型I。利用此本构模型I和一种利用热力学关系建立的非线性本构模型II对超磁致伸缩材料的磁机耦合实验非线性行为进行了模拟,比较分析了它们的性能,为建立换能器的磁机耦合滞回非线性模型提供了理论依据。
2.为了得到基于Jiles-Atherton的超磁致伸缩换能器滞回模型的最佳参数,提出了梯度算法与混合编码遗传算法相结合的四个混合遗传算法,即GATR1、GALM1、GATR2和GALM2。仿真与实验结果表明GATR1能自动准确地辨识滞回模型在不同频率下的参数,从而可将该滞回模型扩展为一个能在广阔频率范围内准确描述换能器外加磁场和输出应变之间关系的动态滞回模型。
3.基于非线性本构模型II、Weiss铁磁理论、Jiles-Atherton模型、Bertotti损耗统计物理理论和换能器结构动力学原理建立了超磁致伸缩换能器在外加磁场作用下的磁机耦合动态滞回非线性模型。模型计算结果与实验结果对比,验证了所建模型能在广阔工作条件(不同偏置磁场、不同驱动频率和不同预应力)下,描述换能器的外加磁场与输出磁化强度、应变的磁机耦合动态滞回特性,对换能器的性能估计和控制器设计具有重要的指导意义。
4.推出在各种输入变化情况下,Preisach模型记忆曲线顶点矩阵的更新算式,建立了以记忆曲线顶点坐标矩阵为基础的Preisach类神经网络超磁致伸缩换能器滞回模型。仿真结果表明,该模型消除了传统Preisach模型对输入信号的限制条件,能预测换能器在复杂外加磁场下,输出磁化强度和位移的滞回特性。
5.基于Jiles-Atherton模型、磁机械效应方法定律和磁路定律,建立了一个超磁致伸缩磁力控制器的滞回模型。模型计算结果与实验结果对比,表明该模型能较好地描述在变化应力和恒定偏置磁场作用下,磁力控制器输入应力与输出磁化强度及磁力的滞回关系,并可以预测偏置磁场对器件输出性能的影响,从而对基于逆磁致伸缩效应的磁致伸缩换能器的设计与分析具有重要的指导意义。
The relationships between the inputs and the outputs of giant magnetostrictive transducers exhibit dominant magneto-mechanical coupling and hysteresis nonlinear behaviors under the magnetostrictive effect and the inverse magnetostrictive effect. To design and use the devices, it is necessary to establish an accurate model of the devices. In this dissertation, hysteresis nonlinear models for giant magnetostrictive transducers are studied systematically and deeply, the main research contents and contributions are given as follows.
1. The linear piezomagnetic equation is extended to a nonlinear constitutive model (called the Model I in this paper) based on a quadratic moment domain rotation magnetostriciton model and an anhysteretic magnetization model. A nonlinear constitutive model (called the Model II in this paper), which is founded by thermodynamic relations, is presented. The magneto-mechanical coupling nonlinear experimental behaviors for giant magnetostrictive materials are simulated using the two constitutive models. The performances of the two models are compared and analyzed, which provides a theory basis for modeling a magneto-mechanical coupling hysteresis nonlinear model of giant magnetostrictive transducers.
2. A hysteresis model of giant magnetostrictive transducers is presented. The hysteresis model is based on the Jiles-Atherton model. To obtain optimal parameters of the hysteresis model, four hybrid genetic algorithms, namely GATR1, GALM1, GATR2 and GALM2, are proposed by combining the gradient-based algorithms with a hybrid coded genetic algorithm. The simulation and experimental results show that GATR1 can automatically and accurately identify the parameters of the hysteresis model at different frequencies, thus can extend the hysteresis model to a dynamic hysteresis model, which can accurately describe the relationship between the input magnetic field and the output strain for the transducers in a wide frequency range.
3. A magneto-mechanical coupling dynamic hysteresis nonlinear model for giant magnetostrictive transducers under applied magnetic field is founded according to the nonlinear constitutive Model II, the Weiss ferromagnetic theory, the Jiles-Atherton model, the Bertotti loss statistical physical theory and the transducer structural dynamics principle. Comparisons between the experimental and the calculated results show the proposed model can describe the magneto-mechanical coupling dynamic hysteresis characteristics of the input magnetic field, the output magnetization and strain for the transducers in a wide operating conditions (such as different bias magnetic field, different drive frequency and different pre-stress), thus has important significance for performance estimation and controller design of the transducers.
4. The updated expressions of the memory curve vertex coordinate matrix for Preisach model are derived under all kinds of input sequences. Based on the memory curve vertex coordinate matrix, a Preisach-type neural network hysteresis model of giant magnetostrictive transducers is founded. Simulation results show that the proposed model can eliminate the constraint in input sequences when using the traditional Preisach model, and can predict the output magnetization and displacement hysteresis characteristics under the complicated applied magnetic field.
5. Based on the Jiles-Atherton model, the law of approach for the magnetomechanical effect and the magnetic circuit law, a hysteresis model of a giant magnetostrictive device for magnetic force control is founded. Comparisons between the experimental and the calculated results show that the proposed model can better describe the hysteresis relationship among the input stress, the output magnetization and magnetic force for the device under varying stress and constant bias magnetic field. Moreover, the proposed model can predict the effect of the bias magnetic field on the output performance of the device. Thus, the model has important significance for design and analysis of the magnetostrictive transducers based on the inverse magnetostrictive effect.
引文
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