咽乐含片制剂及中药质控模式的研究
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摘要
中药质量控制是中药现代化进程中的关健问题。指纹谱技术是在现有的技术条件下,对中药材、中成药进行质量控制的较好解决办法之一。采用化学模式识别技术,可以对中药指纹图谱特征进行计算机辩识研究,从而建立可全面反应其内在质量,并能进行有效监控的全新方法。
     慢性咽炎是临床常见病和多发病之一。由于病程长,症状易反复发作,往往给人们不易治愈的印象。有人统计慢性咽炎发病率占咽喉部疾病的10%~12%,多发生于成年人,城市发病率高,尤其以教师,歌唱家等居多。由于其反复发作,是一种能严重影响人生活质量的疾患。因此,治疗慢性咽炎的新药将会有广阔的市场前景。
     本论文旨在建立先进的中药材和中成药质控模式,并将该质控模式用于中药复方制剂工艺研究的过程之中,有效提高了治疗慢性咽炎的医院制剂“咽乐含片”的质量。
     本论文共分成二大部分。第一部分文献研究中,对中药质控模式研究进展,对慢性咽炎发病机理、诊断和中医药治疗等方面做了综述,对处方药味的化学成份和药理作用研究进展也作了详细的综述。
     第二部分为实验研究。首先采用正交设计方差分析的方法,以抗炎和祛痰作用作为药效指标进行处方筛选。为确保制剂质量,对咽乐含片的主要组成药物射干、木蝴蝶药材的有效成份进行了含量测定,建立了药材的HPLC指纹图谱,修订了2005版《药典》射干,木蝴蝶药材项下内容。为了寻找复方合理的提取工艺,在药效跟踪下,对其提取溶剂进行优选,确立水提取为大生产工艺。通过正交设计方法,确立了第一次加10倍量水,第二、三次加8倍量水,煎煮三次,每次煎煮1小时为水提取工艺条件。为保留多糖成份,用壳聚糖为澄清剂精制水提液,澄清工艺条件为常温下,药液浓缩至0.125g生药/ml,加6%的1%醋酸壳聚糖液,搅拌10min,壳聚糖加入后再用氢氧化钠调PH至8,沉淀48小时,取上清液,喷雾干燥。
     为确保该含片的外观质量及口感,对该含片的成形工艺进行了研究,并考察其稳定性。选用葡萄糖,砂糖,淀粉为辅料安排正交试验,考察配比,确立了以浸膏1份,混合物2份(葡萄糖、砂糖、淀粉比例为3:2:2),混合,用75%酒精过14目筛制粒,65℃烘干,加1%硬脂酸镁,喷入5%薄荷脑乙醇液(每100g颗粒喷入3ml),压片,淡绿色85G型欧巴代包衣。
     为寻找该制剂的物质基础即有效成份群,用双变量两两相关分析的方法,探讨指纹图谱峰面积与抗炎药效作用数据之间变化的相关性。通过相关系数计算,在21个峰中,有6个峰与药效指标相关性有显著意义,经确认为绿原酸、黄芩苷、射干苷、甘草酸的峰,另两个分别来自射干和木蝴蝶。由于前4种化合物一般被认为是金银花,射干,木蝴蝶和甘草药材中的主要有效成份,并且在药材中含量较高,故以该四种化合物的含量作为质控指标。规定含片中:绿原酸≥2.5mg/g,黄芩苷≥0.16mg/g,甘草酸≥0.74mg/g,射干苷≥8.02mg/g,并对制剂中南沙参、麦冬、桔梗、甘草药材进行了TCL鉴别。
     最后对制剂的药效学作用及其作用机理进行了研究,证实了F_(CE)R Iβ链基因与慢性咽炎发病有相关性,咽乐含片对慢性咽炎模型动物F_(CE)R Iβ基因表达有一定影响。
     本论文的创新点为:
     1.对医院制剂复方桔梗袋泡茶进行二次开发,制成口服含片剂型,大大方便了患者用药。在制剂工艺的每一步进行药效跟踪,确保产品质量和疗效。
     2.对射干药材中射干苷,次野鸢尾黄素含量进行了测定,建立了射干的HPLC指纹图谱,标定了9个共有峰,制订了射干药材新的质量标准,修订了2005版《药典》射干项下内容。用聚类分析的方法对12批药材样品进行分类,并在此基础上建立了合格药材与不合格药材的典则判别函数和Fisher’s判别函数,为未知样品的鉴别提供了一个准确,快捷的工具,为中药材的质量控制提供了一种新的模式,具有理论意义和实用价值。
     3.对木蝴蝶中黄芩苷含量进行测定,建立了木蝴蝶的HPLC指纹图谱,标定了6个共有峰,制订了木蝴蝶药材新的质量标准,修订了2005版《药典》木蝴蝶项下内容。用聚类分析的方法对13批药材进行分类,为木蝴蝶药材规范化生产及含木蝴蝶的中成药质控提供了依据。
     4.在分子水平上探讨了咽乐含片治疗慢性咽炎的机理,初步确定了F_(CE)R Iβ链基因与慢性咽炎发病的相关性,-因乐含片对慢性咽炎模型动物F_(CE)R Iβ基因表达有一定影响。
     5.把双变量相关分析的理论引入分析计算,通过峰面积和药效相关性建立了咽乐含片的谱效关系,为中药效应物质的寻找及中药新药的研发提供了崭新的思路。
The quality control methods to traditional chinese medicine has become the firstquestion restricting the development of the herb and TCM preparation. Fingerprintgraph research is the best resolving method. Studying chemical pattern recognition ofchromatographic fingerprint of TCM can effectively supervise it's quality.
     Chronicpharyngitis is one of the common and high rates clinic disease. Because oflong course and symptoms outbreak again and again, it gives us the incurable impression.It was statisticed that the incidence of Chronic pharyngitis was 10%~20%in the diseaseof laryngopharynx, and high incidence in adult, especially in teachers, singers. It morehappened in the city. It is a disease that can seriously effect the living liquid of peoplesbecause of it's repeat. The new medicine that can treat it will have a capacious marketforeground.
     This dissertation is aimed to erect the advanced quality control parrten of TCM andsecondly develop the Fufang jiegeng Tea and crank out Yanle Buccal Tablets, it can offerthe patients convenience by a long way.
     This dissertation is divided into 2 major parts. In the first part, a detailed reviewwas given to the etiologic mechanism, diagnosis and especially Chinese medicinetreatment of Chronic pharyngitis.Besides, a brief review was given to the modern researchof the chromatographic fingerprint, including relationships between activities andChromatographic fingerprinting and all of the medicinal materials in the prescription.
     In the second part, Firstly the prescriptionst was filtrated by orthogonalexperimental design method, using anti-inflammation and excrete phlegm effects asmedicine-effect guideline, the result was that the original prescription was the mostexcellent. Then, to sure the quality of medicinal materials,Chromatographic fingerprintingof Rhizome Belamcandae and Semen Oroxyli was erected. In order to look for reasonabledistill technics, Canonical discriminant function and Fisher's discrimination were foundedwhich cound accurately differentiate the true and flase of Rhizome Belamcandae.
     Two distillation ways was used by water or alcohol as solvent and separateing diferrent part according to polarity magnitude,pharmacological experiment was tailedafter it, It is estabilished that the distillation solvent of large production technics is water.In order to preserve polysaccharide component, shell- polysaccharide was used as clarifierto refine the liquid, and the condition of clarification was studied.
     For the sake of determinating the matter base namely effective component groupof Yanle Buccal Tablets,the analytical methods of Bivariate was used, Correlationcoefficients between the peak area value and anti-inflamation effective data wascalculated, among the excessive 21 peaks, 6 peaks had the deeply relativity, includingChlorogenic acid,Baicalein,Glycyrrhizicacid,Tectoridin.Because of these were effectivecomponent of Flos lonicerae,Rhizoma belamcandae, Semen oroxyli, Radix Glycyrrhizaeadmittedly. The content is upper in herb, they are used as comparison in establishing thequality control for Liyan Buccal Tablets.In addition, to insure elegancy appearance andwell situated ora sense, and to keep qualitative stabilization, figuration technics of YanleBuccal Tablets was studied.
     Finally, It was undertaken that the pharmacology experiments of preparation andmechanism studieds in molecule level, It was made sure that F_(CE)R Iβchain gene hadrelativity with chronic pharyngitis, Yanle Buccal Tablets can work on F_(CE)R Iβchain geneexpression in model animal withchronic pharyngitis
     Creativity of this dissertation
     a Thesecondly development was undertaken of the Fufang jiegeng Tea whichwas anonstandard preparation in our hospital and curative effect was reliably, It was crankedout Yanle Buccal Tablets, which can offer the patients convenience by a long way. Inorder to sure the curative effect, everystep of preparation was tailed after by pharmacology.
     b Tectoridin and Irisflorentin was determined in the same time, the content of pharmacopoeia (2005edition) was reinforced, Chromatographic fingerprinting of Rhizome Belamcandae wasdeeply studied and erected,9 mutual peaks was demarcated, 9 samples was classified bycluster analysis method,Canonical discriminant function and Fisher's discrimination werefounded which could accurately differentiate the true and flase of Rhizome Belamcandae.A kind of new modle of controlling herb's quality was offered.
     c Chromatographic fingerprinting of Semen Oroxyli was deeply studied and erected,6 mutual peaks was demarcated, 13 samples was classified by cluster analysis method, It was offered that the gist of Semen Oroxyli produced standardizly and quality controlment ofthe preparation including Semen Oroxyli.
     d It was undertaken that the pharmacology experiments of preparation and mechanismstudieds in molecule level, It was made sure that F_(CE)R Iβchain gene had relativity withchronic pharyngitis, Yanle Buccal Tablets can work on F_(CE)R Iβchain gene expression inmodel animal with chronic pharyngitis
     e Bivariate was introduced into calculating correlation coefficients of the peak areavalue and anti-inflamation effective data, and the relationships between activities andChromatographic fingerprinting were estabilished, it offered a brand-new thinkingfor in search of domino offect substance and developping new Chinese traditionalmedicine.
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