摘要
开发区在推动经济增长、促进研究开发和技术创新、创造就业、人才培养、吸收外资、引进技术、技术扩散、产业集群、扩大出口、观念创新、企业家精神形成和制度创新方面具有重要的地位。开发区对中国经济增长具有重要贡献和战略地位,表现在开发区在国民生产总值中的比重越来越大,开发区具有较高的增长率,开发区进出口总值占全国进出口总值中的比重越来越大和开发区的就业人口越来越多,开发区是中国企业参与国际竞争的有效方式。论文对企业家与开发区经济增长问题进行研究具有理论价值和现实意义。
论文基于企业家的视角,对开发区经济增长的机理进行了研究。在对企业家与经济增长、开发区整合生产要素与经济增长分析的基础上,建立了企业家、开发区与经济增长的关系模型,分析了企业家、开发区与经济增长之间的互动关系。研究发现作为一种关键性的生产要素,企业家人力资本是决定开发区经济增长的重要因素,而开发区作为有效的生产要素配置机制可以促进经济增长,进而强化企业家人力资本的投资与形成,从而进一步促进开发区经济增长,它们之间存在着互为因果的关系。
论文对开发区企业家人力资本形成和生产函数构建进行了研究。在开发区企业家人力资本形成环境研究的基础上,从企业家个体和企业家群体两个方面,分别对开发区个体企业家人力资本形成和开发区企业家群体人力资本形成进行了研究；建立了含有企业家随机决策行为的开发区生产函数,分析了企业家与开发区企业集群经济增长、企业家与开发区经济增长的关系。研究发现在开发区企业家个体人力资本形成中,除了教育培训、健康、迁徙外,与实践经验密切相关的干中学则具有重要的作用；在开发区企业家群体人力资本形成中,企业家群体间的沟通学习、企业家人力资本流动具有重要的作用。论文认为开发区经济增长和企业家密度高度相关,提高开发区企业家密度的途径在于增加开发区企业家数量,提高企业家人力资本水平；企业家群体沟通学习和企业家人力资本流动则有助于提高开发区企业家密度,促进开发区创新活动水平,从而推动开发区经济增长。
论文从企业家人力资本视角对开发区经济效应、开发区集聚效应、开发区知识溢出效应和开发区社会效应进行了研究。研究发现：从经济效应来看,开发区可以实现企业集群外部规模经济、降低企业集群交易费用、刺激企业集群技术创新和转化企业集群区域优势；从集聚效应来看,开发区可以促进要素集中、企业集中、人才集中和市场集中,形成外部规模经济和范围经济；从知识溢出效应来看,企业、大专院校、科研机构和中介机构等基于地理位置的邻近性、信任关系的维持以及地方社会文化背景的共同性的优势,有利于开发区内企业集群企业知识共享,降低开发区企业集群中其它成员企业的创新成本与风险,提高了开发区企业的创新效率；从社会效应来看,开发区社会效应表现为就业带动效应、人才培养效应、城市发展效应、制度创新效应和观念创新效应。
在开发区经济增长时空效率与质量研究基础上,论文对企业家和开发区经济增长问题进行了实证分析；分别对开发区经济增长的空间效率、时间效率、全要素生产率和增长质量进行了研究；建立了包含企业家人力资本的开发区生产函数,并进行了实证研究；以53个国家级高新技术产业开发区为对象,利用面板数据模型实证研究了企业家人力资本与开发区经济增长定量关系；研究发现企业家人力资本水平对开发区经济增长具有显著的正向影响；论文提出了促进开发区经济增长的对策和建议。
National development zone plays important roles in promoting economic development, Promoting the research and development of technology innovation, Creating employment, cultivating the talent, Assorting of foreign capital, introducing technology, diffusing technology, clustering industrial, expanding exports, Formatting Entrepreneurship and innovating system et.al; To China's economic growth, the development zone has an important contribution and a strategic position; they embodies as followings:The proportion of GDP of the development zone is more and more in the GDP of whole national. Development zone has the higher growth rate in GDP, The proportion of import and export import and export (GDP) of the Development Zone is more and more in the GDP of the Nation; The employment population of the Development Zone is more and more than ever; Development Zone is an effective way with which Chinese enterprises participate in the international competition, etc.The entrepreneurs developing and development zone economic growth are discussed,which has important theory value and practical significance.
The mechanism of economic growth of the development zone was studied from the the perspective of entrepreneur. Based on the analysis of the entrepreneur human capital and economic growth of development zones, and the integration factors of production and the economic growth of the development zones; the relationship model between the Entrepreneur capital and the economic growth of development zone is established.The interaction relationships among Entrepreneurs, development zones and economic growth are analyzed;Studies have found that as one of the key factors of production,the entrepreneur human capital is the important deciding factors to the economic growth of development zone;As an effective configuration mechanism of production elements,the development zone can promote economic growth; In turn, investment and formation of the entrepreneur's human capital are strengthened;So as to further promote the development of economic growth, there is a causal relationship between them.
The formation of the entrepreneur human capital of development zone and the constructure of production function structure are studied. Based on the study of the formation environment of the Entrepreneur human capital in the development zones, the formation of the individual entrepreneur human capital and entrepreneur group human capital in the development zone is studied from two aspects of individual entrepreneur and entrepreneur group, respectively; The production function of the development zone containing random decision-making behavior of the entrepreneur is set up; the relationship between entrepreneurs and enterprises cluster growth, and between entrepreneurship and the economic growth of development zone are analyzed.Study found that in the formation of individual entrepreneur human capital in development zone, in addition to education and training, health, migration, learning by doing which is closely related to the practical experience plays an important role; In the formation of entrepreneur group human capital in development zone, the communications and learning among the entrepreneur groups and the flows of the entrepreneur human capital play an important role. It is highly relevant to entrepreneurs density and development zone economic growth, the the way to improve the density of entrepreneurs is to increase the quantity of the entrepreneur, raise the level of entrepreneurs' human capital in the development zone;Entrepreneur group learning and communication,and entrepreneur human capital flows can help improve the entrepreneur density of development zone, promote the innovation level in the development zone, thus promot development zone economic growth.
The economic effect, concentrating effect, knowledge spillover effect and social effect of the development zone were studied from the perspective of entrepreneur human capital in the paper. From the point of economic effect, research found that the development zone can realize enterprise clusters external economies of scale, reducing transaction cost, stimulate enterprise clusters technical innovation and transformation of theregional advantage of the enterprise clusters;From the agglomeration effect,the development zone can promote the concentration of the production factors, enterprises, talent and market, formation of external scale economy and scope economy;From the point of knowledge spillover effects,based on the intercommunity advantages of the geographical proximity, maintaining trust relationship, and local social and cultural background, enterprises, colleges and universities, scientific research institutions and intermediary institutions conducive to the enterprise knowledge sharing in the enterprise cluster, reducing the member companies innovation cost and risk, improving the innovation efficiency of enterprises in the the enterprise cluster of development zone;From the point of social effect,,the social effect of the development zone shows employment impetus effect, talent training effect, city developmen effectt,system innovation effect and concept innovation effect.
Finally, based on the studying of the space and time efficiency and the quality of the economic growth of the development zones, the entrepreneurs and development zone economic growth are researched in the empirical analysis; Space efficiency, time efficiency,total factor productivity and the quality of growth of the development zones economic growth were studied in the paper respectively; The development zone production function which is containing the entrepreneurs' human capital is established, and the empirical research is carried on;53national high-tech development zone as an object, the empirical research is carried to find out the quantitative relationship between entrepreneurs' human capital and economic growth of development zones using the panel data model. The research found that entrepreneur human capital level has significant positive influence on the economic growth of the development zone.The countermeasures and suggestions to promote the economic growth of development zone are put forward in the paper.
引文
① 陈益升；陈宏愚;湛学勇：经济技术开发区与高新技术产业开发区未来发展分析[J1, 科技进步与对策,2002.05
① 夏海钧：中国高新技术产业开发区发展研究[D],暨南大学,2001年
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(4) 韩伯棠,我国高新技术产业园区的现状及二次创业研究,北京：北京理工大学出版社,2007
(5) http://www.sts.org.cn/tjbg/gjscy/documents/2011/20110922.htm
(6) http://www.sts.org.cn/tjbg/g/gjscv/documents/2011/20110922.htm,科学技术部发展计划司2011年9月22日。
(7) http://www.sts.org.cn/tjbg/gjscv/documents/2011/20110922.htm,科学技术部发展计划司2011年9月22日。
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