摘要
自然资源和生态环境是人类生存和发展的基本条件。当前全球资源环境形势日益严峻,可持续发展已成为世界共同关注的焦点。我国的可持续发展同样面临着自然资源与生态环境的严峻挑战,必须改变传统的“资源-产品-废弃物”的线性经济模式,努力探索可持续发展的新模式和新途径。循环经济从物质循环角度提倡在“资源-产品-二次资源”的闭环模式下发展经济,要求最大限度地利用资源与保护环境,是一种符合可持续发展理念的集约型经济增长方式。研究这种新的发展模式如何运行,具有十分重要的现实意义和理论价值。
本文在系统分析国内外学者关于循环经济发展模式及政策研究成果的基础上,结合我国实际,围绕循环经济如何运行这一主线,从循环经济的内涵及外延等基本问题入手,研究了循环经济系统的构建问题,在案例分析的基础上提出了企业、园区及区域三个层面循环经济的一般运行模式,对循环经济运行的动力因素进行分析,指出目前我国发展循环经济动力不足的原因及其解决措施。主要研究及创新性工作如下:
1、系统分析了国内外循环经济发展模式及相关政策的研究现状;深入剖析了循环经济的内涵和外延;研究了清洁生产、生态产业、循环经济及可持续发展四大环保战略的联系与差异;分析了经济系统的缺陷,对经济系统与生态系统进行了类比,提出了循环经济系统的构建战略,即技术-产业-制度的生态化战略。
2、研究了南宁糖业股份有限公司发展循环经济的具体模式,提出了企业层面循环经济的一般运行模式:
(1)详细分析了南宁糖业股份有限公司发展循环经济的模式,并进行了理论总结:合理的生产结构、原材料优势、技术可行性和正确的多元化是南宁糖业股份有限公司成功发展循环经济的四个关键因素,联合型企业的管理模式是其成功的潜在因素。
(2)研究了企业层面循环经济的一般运行模式,指出向循环型企业的转型要求传统企业在发展战略、组织机构、环境管理模式、技术支持系统及企业文化等方面进行变革,循环型企业的运行要以循环经济理论为指导,从战略、组织及实践三个层面展开。
3、研究了日照生态产业园发展共生产业的具体模式,提出了园区层面循环经济的一般运行模式:
(1)详细分析了日照生态产业园产业共生的模式,并进行了理论总结:在大环境规划自身发展,围绕传统产业的生态转型,通过优化产业结构、加强循环耦合、延伸和拓展产业链、加强管理及理顺体制等手段进行生态产业的整合和设计。
(2)研究了实体生态产业园和虚拟生态产业园的一般运行模式。指出实体生态产业园的构建策略包括核心企业、材料或副产品交换、资源回收系统和能源连接;园区的环境管理分为园区、企业和产品三个层次;我国生态产业园较理想的开发方式是环保局与经贸委和规划部门在市长的指导下进行合作;提出实体生态产业园的构成要素分成直接支持服务系统、企业群落和间接支持服务系统三大类。研究了虚拟生态产业园的运行模式,认为虚拟生态产业园是较符合我国中小企业发展循环经济的模式;信息集成共享系统是虚拟园区的“中央总部”,构成要素包括园区核心系统、园区支持系统和基本信息系统三个子系统;信任是虚拟园区强有力的“软性治理工具”。
4、研究了资源县发展生态县域经济的具体模式,提出了区域层面循环经济的一般运行模式:
(1)详细分析了资源县探索生态县域经济的模式,从发展循环经济的实质、指导观念、如何发展循环经济及政府职责四个方面进行了理论分析与总结。
(2)研究了区域层面循环经济的一般运行模式。循环型区域的四大要素为产业体系、基础设施、人文生态和社会消费,诸要素的形成途径包括七个方面的内容,即制定规划、建立综合决策和协商机制、将发展循环经济与经济增长模式及产业结构的战略性调整结合起来、制定循环经济法规政策体系、鼓励科技创新、抑制过度包装、加强宣传和教育以倡导绿色消费理念。
5、研究了我国循环经济运行的动力问题。分析了国外发展循环经济的动力因素及我国企业、园区和区域发展循环经济的动力因素;指出我国目前循环经济动力不足的原因;提出政府应通过规范、引导、培育、激励、惩罚等途径解决动力不足问题。
6、针对动力不足问题,构建了我国循环经济的政策支撑体系框架。循环经济政策支撑体系包括法律法规体系和政策体系两部分,法律法规体系包括基本法、专项法、标准体系的制定以及相关部门法的修订,政策体系主要包括税费政策、财政政策、价格政策、产业政策、废弃物交易制度、信息公开制度等。
Natural resources and ecological environment is the basic conditions for human survival and development. The situation of global resources and environment are becoming increasingly serious, and therefore sustainable development has become the focus of the world. The sustainable development of China is also facing the severe challenges of natural resources and ecological environment, and we must change the traditional mode of "resources-products-wastes", and make efforts to explore new modalities and new channels of sustainable development. Circular economy is precisely such a mode featured "resources-products-secondary resources" in line with the concept of sustainable development. For this new mode of economic development, research on how to run is a very important issue with great practical and theoretical values.
On the basis of research results about the development patterns and policies of circular economy of domestic and foreign scholars, combining with China's realities, surrounding on the main line "how to run for circular economy in China", this paper starts from the basic issues-the connotation and extension of circular economy in China, and then analyzes the construction of the circular economy systems, and then theoretically constructs the operation modes of circular economy on the enterprise level, the park level and the regional level on the basis of cases studies, then does a more comprehensive analysis to identify the driving forces of the circular economy in China, finding the reasons for the lack of the operation forces, and its solution. The main research and creative work are as following:
1. Systematically analyzes the research status of the development modes and policies of circular economy in domestic and international academic fields. Analyzes the connotation and extension of circular economy in-depth, and the four environmental protection strategies of today, being cleaner production, eco-industrial parks, circular economy and sustainable development, pointing out the contact and distinction between them. Analyzes the shortcomings in efficiency, optimum and sustainability of the economic system, gives the analogy between the economic system and the ecosystems, points out that an ecological strategy of "technology-industry- system" can be implemented to build circular economy systems.
2. Makes a case analysis of the circular economy model of Nanning Sugar Co., Ltd and constructs a general operation mode of circular economy on the enterprise level:
(1) Analyzes the development mode of circular economy of Nanning Sugar Co., Ltd and summarizes it in theory: rational structures of production, raw material advantages, technical feasibility and the right diversity are the four key economic factors of the success, and the joint-management mode of the business is also a potential success factor.
(2) Studies a general operation mode of circular economy on the enterprise level, points out that the changes of corporate culture, corporate strategy, environmental management mode, the necessary organizational changes and the establishment of technical support system are the five major contents of the construction of circular enterprises, puts forwards that circular enterprises should take circular economic theory as a guide, runs on three levels of strategic, organizational and practice.
3. Makes a case analysis of the industrial symbiosis model in RIZHAO eco-industrial Park and constructs a general operation mode of circular economy on the park level:
(1) Analyzes the industrial symbiosis model of RIZHAO eco-industrial Park and sums up theoretically: plans its own development according to environmental development; centering on the ecological transformation of traditional industries, integrates and designs eco-industries by optimizing the industrial structure, strengthening the cycle coupling to improve the system coordination, extending and expanding the industrial chain, strengthening management and rationalizing the system, and other means.
(2) Studies general operation modes of entity eco-industrial parks and virtual eco-industrial parks. Points out that the construction strategies of entity eco-industrial parks include the core enterprises, the exchanges of materials or by-products, the resources recovery systems and energy connection; the environmental management of parks can be on three levels of parks, enterprises and products; an ideal ways to develop eco-industrial parks in China is the cooperation of EPA, the Economic and Trade Commission and the planning department under the guidance of mayoral; points out that the constituent elements of an entity eco-industrial park can be divided into three categories of direct support services, enterprises community and indirect support services system. The operation mode of virtual eco-industrial parks has also been researched, and virtual eco-industrial parks are more in line with the development of circular economy in SME in China, an integrated information-sharing system being its "central headquarters", whose constituent elements being a park core system, a park supporting system and a basic information system, and trust being a strong "soft management tool" of a virtual park.
4. Makes a case analysis of ZIYUAN County of developing ecological economy and constructs a general operational mode of circular economy on the regional level:
(1) Analyzes the experience of ZIYUAN County to develop ecological county economy and summarizes theoretically from the development essence of circular economy, the guiding concept of the development of circular economy, how to develop circular economy on a regional level and the responsibilities of government in the development of circular economy.
(2) Studies a general operation mode of circular economy on a regional level. The four main factors are industrial system, infrastructure, humanistic ecology and social consumption. Point out the seven main aspects of forming circular area: framing layouts, founding synthesis decision-making and consulting mechanism, combining the development of circular economy on a regional level with the strategic readjustment of industrial structure, constituting the law and policy system of circular economy, reanimating science and technology innovation, restraining excessive packing, strengthening publicizing and education to spark plug green consumption.
5. Studies the driving forces of circular economy. Analyzes the driving forces of circular economy in foreign countries and those of three levels in China, points out the reasons for the current lack of motivation for circular economy, and the government should solve this problem by regulating, guiding, cultivating, prompting and punishing.
6. Constructs a policy support system framework aiming at the power shortage problem of current circular economy in China. The policy support system framework includes the system of laws and regulations and the system of policies, laws and regulations include the basic law, special law, the formulation of standard system and the amendment of the relevant departments; policy system including tax and fee policy, fiscal policy, price policy, industrial policy, waste trading system and information disclosure system.
引文
[1]Kenneth E.Boulding.The Economics of the Coming Spaceship Earth.http://www.panarchy.Org/boulding/spaceship.1966.html.
[2]Frosh R A.Gallopoulos N E.Strategies for manufacturing.Scientific American[M]1989,261(3):144-152.
[3]马凯,在“中国发展高层论坛建设节约型社会国际研讨会”上的讲话[R].2005.6.25.
[4]蒋应时主编,上海循环经济发展报告(2005)[M].上海:人民出版社,2005(3):12.
[5]Zengwei Yuan,Jun Bi,and Yuichi Moriguichi.The Circular Economy-A New Development Strategy in China[J].Journal of Industrial Ecology.2006,10(1-2).
[6]Lowe,Ernest.China seeks to develop a circular economy[ED],http://www.indigodev.Com/Circularl.html.
[7]劳爱乐,耿勇编著,工业生态学和生态工业园[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:(1).
[8]Olli Salmi.Eco-efficiency and industrial symbiosis-a counterfactual analysis of a mining community[J].Journal of Cleaner Production 15(2007) 1696-1705.
[9]周宏春,刘燕华,循环经济学[M].北京:中国发展出版社,2005(9).
[10]Raymond Cote,Aaron Booth,Bertha Louis.Eco-efficiency and SMEs in Nova Scotia,Canada[J].Journal of Cleaner Production 14(2006) 542-550.
[11]Gudolf Kjaerheim.Cleaner production and sustainability.Journal of Cleaner Production 13(2005) 329-339.
[12]Johannes Fresher.Cleaner production as a means for effective environmental management[J].Journal of Cleaner Production 6(1998) 171-179.
[13]Susan L.Manring,Samuel B.Moore.Creating and managing a virtual inter-organization learning network for greener production:a conceptual model and case study[J].Journal of Cleaner Production 14(2006) 891-899.
[14]Braden R.Allenby著.翁端 译.Industrial Ecology Policy Framework and Implementation.工业生态学政策框架与实施[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2005(5).
[15]Genevieve M.Perron,Raymond P.Cote,John F.Duffy.Improving environmental awareness training in business[J].Journal of Cleaner Production 14(2006) 551-562.
[16]Stephan Vachon,Robert D.Klassen.Green project partnership in the supply chain:the case of the package printing industry[J].Journal of Cleaner Production 14(2006) 661-671.
[17]Qinghua Zhu,Joseph Sarkis.An inter-sectoral comparison of green supply chain management in China:Drives and practices[J].Journal of Cleaner Production 14(2006) 472-486.
[18]Kate McKerlie,Nancy Knight,Beverley Thorpe.Advancing Extended Producer Responsibility in Canada[J].Journal of Cleaner Production 14(2006) 616-628.
[19]Robert A.Frosch.Industrial ecology:A philosophical introduction[C].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA Vol.89,pp.800-803,February 1992.
[20]William D.Nordhaus.The ecology of markets[C].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA Vol.89,pp.843-850,February 1992.
[21]Bruce Piasecki.Industrial ecology:.An emerging management science[C].Proe.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA Vol.89,pp.873-875,February 1992.
[22]Chauncey Starr.Education for industrial ecology[C].Proe.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA Vol.89,pp.868-869,February 1992.
[23]David E.Troxell.Educating and training industrial ecologists for the 1990s[C].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA Vol.89,pp.862-863,February 1992.
[24]Faye Duchin.Industrial input-output analysis:Implications for industrial ecology[C].Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA Vol.89,pp.851-855,February 1992.
[25]S.Erkman.Industrial ecology:an historical view[J]..Journal of cleaner production Vol.5.No.1-2,pp.1-10.1997.
[26]Ernest A.Lowe.Creating by-product resources exchanges:strategies for eco-industrial parks[J]..Journal of cleaner production Vol.5.No.1-2,pp.57-65.1997.
[27]John Ehrenfeld.Industrial ecology:,a framework for product and process design[J]..Journal of cleaner production Vol.5.No.1-2.pp.87-95,1997.
[28]John Ehrenfeld.Industrial ecology:a new field or only a metaphor[J]..Journal of cleaner production 12(2004) 825-831.
[29]S.Ghazinoory.Cleaner production in Iran:necessities and priorities[J].Journal of Cleaner Production 13(2005) 755-762.
[30]T.E.Graedel,B.R.Allenby.Industrial Ecology(Second Edition)[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2004(3).
[31]Leo Baas.Cleaner production and industrial ecosystems,a Dutch experience[J].Journal of Cleaner Production 6(1998) 189-197.
[32]Suren Erkman,Ramensh Ramaswamy.Applied Industrial Ecology-A New Platform for Planning Sustainable Societies.India:Aicra Publishers,2003.
[33]Deog-Seong Oh,Kyung-Bae Kim,Sook-Young Jenng.Eco-Industrial Park Design:a Daedeok technovalley case study[J].Habitat International 29(2005) 269-284
[34]P.R.Heeres,W.J.V.Vermeulen,F.B.de Walle.Eco-industrial park initiatives in the USA and the Netherlands:first lessons[J].Journal of Cleaner Production 12(2004) 985-995.
[35]Jorgen Christensen,Presentation at "The Industrial Symbiosis Research Symposium at Yale:Advancing the Study of Industry and Environment"[R].7-9 January 2004.Connecticut.Available on the internet at:http://environment.yale.edu/doeuments/downloads/o-u/symbiosis.pdf.
[36]Carlsson-Kanyama,A.,R.Engstrom,and R.Kok.2005.Indirect and direct energy requirements of city households in Sweden:Options for reduction,lessons from modeling[J].Journal of Industrial Ecology9(1-2):221-235.
[37]Cooper,T.2005.Slower consumption:Reflections on Product life spans and the "throwaway society"[J].Journal of Industrial Ecology 9(1-2):51-67.
[38]de Leeuw,B.2005.The world behind the product[J].Journal of Industrial ecology 9(1-2):7-10.
[39]Dutich,F.2005,Sustainable consumption of food:A framework for analyzing scenarios about changes in diets[J].Journal of Industrial Ecology 9(1-2):99-114.
[40]Hertwich,E.2005.Consumption and the rebound effect:An industrial ecology perspective[J].Journal of Industrial Ecology 9(1-2):85-98.
[41]Takase,K.,Y.Kondo,and A.washizu.2005.An analysis of sustainable consumption by the waste input-output model[J].Journal of Industrial Ecology 9(1-2):201-219
[42]中国生态农业十大模式和技术[J].农业环境与发展,2002(6):2003(1).(6).
[43]张建萍,生态旅游理论与实践[M].中国旅游出版社,2001,6.
[44]任庆,中国循环型社会法律制度研究[D].博士学位论文.2007.6.
[45]谢芳,李慧明.生产者责任延伸制度与企业的循环经济模式[J].生态经济,64-66.
[46]辛展梅,企业循环经济发展的探讨[J].生态环境,2005,14(3):449-450.
[47]张英华,高楠,环境友好型企业运行模式的构建研究[J].科学管理研究,2006(10):28-31.
[48]李同升,韦亚权,周华,生态工业园及其规划设计探讨[J].经济地理,2005(9):647-650.
[49]吴峰,徐栋,邓南圣,生态工业园规划设计与实施[J].环境科学学报,2002(11):802-803.
[50]万君康,梅小安,生态工业园的内涵、模式与建设思路[J].上海综合经济,2003(9):46-48.
[51]龚晓宁,钟书华,生态工业园区的内部结构[J].科技管理研究,2005(9):105-108.
[52]王树义,吴宇,关于促进我国循环型社会建立的法律思考[J].环境保护,2004(1).
[53]王青,对日本建立“循环型社会”的一点思考[J].日本问题研究,2004(1).
[54]马江,浅析区域循环型社会的构建[J].开发研究,2007(3):15-17.
[55]B,Long,Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development,paper presented at ECO'97International Congress Paris,Feb:24-26,1997.
[56]赵细康著,引导绿色创新-技术创新导向的环境政策研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社.2006(3).
[57]Xepapadeas,A.and A.de Zeeuw,1999,Environmental Policy and Competitiveness:The Porter Hypothesis and the Composition of Capital[J],Journal of Environmental Economics and management 37:165-182.
[58]李慧明,郝冀,崔晓莹,中日韩循环经济政策比较研究[J].中国人口资源与环境,2006(16)135-139.
[59]吴良志,欧洲循环经济政策法律模式研究[J].中国软科学.2005(11):24-30.
[60]徐波,吕颖,发达国家发展循环经济的政策及启示[J].生态经济.
[61]诸大建,臧漫丹,朱远,C模式:中国发展循环经济的战略选择[J].中国人口资源与环境,2005(15):8-12.
[62]任勇,我国发展循环经济的政策与法律体系探讨[J].中国人口资源与环境,2005(5):131-136.
[63]齐建国,尤完,发展循环经济:背景与对策[J].新视野,2005(6):1-3.
[64]张仁俐,赵旭,华燕青,构筑循环经济的政策体系[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2001(9)79-82.
[65]程瑜,促进循环经济发展的财政政策研究[J].中国人口资源与环境,2006(6):188-193.
[66]程岚,促进循环经济发展的财税政策研究[J].财政研究,2006(12).
[67]钱斌华,毛艳华,循环经济与税收政策之研究[J].科学管理研究,2006(2):51-54.
[68]小柳秀明,日本建设循环经济的措施.中国循环经济高端论坛[C].北京:人民出版社,2005.130-133.
[69]王玉庆,推进循环经济实施可持续发展.2004年12月9日天津——在由致公党中央、国家环保总局、南开大学联合主办的“环境与循环经济国际研讨会”上的发言.
[70]苏杨,周宏春,发展循环经济的几个基本问题[J].经济理论与经济管理,2004(10):19-23.
[71]李兆前,齐建国,循环经济理论与实践综述[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2004(9):145-154.
[72]杜欢政,张旭军,循环经济的理论与实践:近期讨论综述[J].统计研究,2006(2):63-67.
[73]国家统计局“循环经济评价指标体系”课题组,循环经济评价指标体系研究[J].统计研究,2006(9):23-26.
[74]林娅,孙文营,循环经济范畴的科学界定[J].河南大学学报(社会科学版),2006(7):87-91.
[75]臻于成熟的工业体系[EB].http://www.enviroinfo.org.cn/docs/e-books/Industrial_Ecology/5.htm.
[76]孙振清,赵秀生,刘滨,何建坤,循环经济的进一步认识[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2006(11):113-118.
[77]冯之浚主编,循环经济导论[M].北京:人民出版社,2004.
[78]赵一平,孙启宏,段宁,广义物质循环模型及对循环经济的政策内涵[J].中国人口资源与环境,2006(3):56-61.
[79]循环经济战略课题组.循环经济报告:当前中国循环经济发展的现状评估与政策框架设想.中国环境与发展国际合作委员会网,2005-1-20.
[80]Leo Baas~*.Cleaner production and industrial ecosystems,a Dutch experience[J].Journal of Cleaner Production 1998(6) 189-197.
[81]张文红,陈森发,施建军,生态工业、循环经济与可持续发展[J].东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2005(5):59-63.
[82]段宁,清洁生产、生态工业和循环经济[J].环境科学研究,2001(6):1-4.
[83]Johannes Fresner Cleaner production as a means for effective environmental management 1998(6):171-179
[84]汪波,循环经济的生态学基础及实践模式分析.学术交流[J],2006,(8):95-98.
[85]解振华,坚持求真务实树立科学发展观推进循环经济发展[J].环境经济杂志,2004,(8).
[86]齐建国,中国循环经济发展的若干理论与实践探索[J].学习与探索,2005,(2):160-167.
[87]乔治恩德勒等主编,王淼洋译文主编,经济伦理学大辞典[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2001.360-361.
[88]黄亚钧,郁义鸿主编,微观经济学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[89]Levine,S.H.Products and ecological models:A population ecology perspective[J].Journal of Industrial Ecology,2000,(3):47-62.
[90]肖忠东,孙林岩,吕坚,经济系统与生态系统的比较研究[J].管理工程学报,2003,(4):23-27.
[91]国家教委社会科学研究与艺术教育司组编,自然辩证法概论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.90-97.
[92]腾藤,生态经济与相关范畴[J].生态经济,2002,(12):2-6.
[93]聂华林,高新才,杨建国编著,发展生态经济学导论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2006.2-3.
[94]黄贤金主编,循环经济:产业模式与政策体系[M].南京:南京大学出版社,2004.23.
[95]杨京平,田光明主编,生态设计与技术[M].化学工业出版社,2006(1).
[96]http://www.zhb.gov.cn/japan/xunhuan/x_24.pdf.
[97]冯久田,中国鲁北生态工业模式的实践与发展.循环经济在实践-中国循环经济高端论坛[M].上海:人民出版社.2006(3).
[98]广西壮族自治区环境保护局,建设生态工业示范区,走循环经济发展之路.贵港国家生态工业园示范区项目领导小组办公室在泛珠三角区域生态工业园区现场会的会议交流材料.2006年2月.广西.南宁.
[99]贵阳市人民政府,贵阳发展循环经济,建设生态城市.中国循环经济高端论坛[C].上海:人民出版社.2005(3)432.
[100]中国环境与发展国际合作委员会,给中国政府的环境与发展政策建议[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社2005(10).
[101]于庆东 王庆金 王晓灵.企业可持续发展研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社.2006(8)
[102]Hicks,C.,Heidrich.O.,Mcgovern.T.,Donnelly.T.,2004.A functional model of supply chains and waste[J].International journal of production economics,89:165-174.
[103]杨和荣,刘朝明.中国的糖业状况与发展对策选择[J].中国软科学,2000(4).
[104]元炯亮,刘忠,制糖工业生态化重构-以贵糖集团为例[J].中国人口'资源与环境,2002(4),118-121.
[105]支有凤,整合优势资源,推进糖业产业化经营[J].中国农垦,2005(3).
[106]丁毅,史德明,认真贯彻国家产业政策,提升马钢竞争能力[J].冶金动力,2006(2),1-5.
[107]王家顺,洪会明,“十一五”规划中的产业结构调整问题探讨[J].重庆工商大学学报(西部论坛),15期增刊67-68.
[108]张磊,循环经济与产业政策的调整路径[J].江汉论坛,2005(7),40-42.
[109]《国务院办公厅转发发展改革委等部门关于对电石和铁合金行业进行清理整顿若干意见的通知》(国办发明电[2004]22号).
[110]《关于进一步巩固电石、铁合金、焦炭行业清理整顿成果规范其健康发展的有关意见的通知》(发改产业[2004]2930号).
[111]《国务院关于加快发展循环经济的若干意见》,2005
[112]国家环保总局.《循环经济示范区规划指南(试行)》,2003.
[113]国务院发展研究中心课题组,关于我国中小企业治污政策性融资思路[R].2003.
[114]李咏梅,王海英,试论企业经营管理中的纵向一体化战略[J].襄樊职业技术学院院报,2004(3):39-41
[115]John Ehrenfeld.,2004.Industrial ecology:a new field or only a metaphor? Journal of Cleaner Production,12:825-831.
[116]Janet Anderson,1996.U.S.DOE Perspective on Environmental Policy.IEEE Power Engineering Review,May:11-13.
[117]洪银兴,可持续发展经济学[M].北京:商务印书馆.2002(6).
[118]Nelson L.Nemerow.,1995.Zero pollution for industry:Waste Minimization Through Industrial Complexes[M].Wiley-interscience,NewYork.
[119]徐建中,张逸昕,企业成长中的多元化陷阱与专业化陷阱[J].贵州社会科学,2006(5),26-28.
[120]Stephen Levine.Presentation at "The Industrial Symbiosis Research Symposium at Yale:Advancing the Study of Industry and Environment"[R].7-9 January 2004,Connecticut.Available on the internet at:http://environment.yale.edu/documents/downloads/o-u/symbiosis.pdf.
[121]牛桂敏,循环经济模式下企业经营战略的发展趋势[J].经济界,2006(2):47-50.
[122]罗宏,孟伟,冉圣宏编著,生态工业园区-理论与实证[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2004(3):66.
[123]ISO14000标准,企业环境管理的必由之路[J].有色金属再生与利用,2004(9):23-24.
[124]王寿兵,吴峰,刘晶茹编著,产业生态学[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2006(1).
[125]冯之浚,郭强,张伟编著,循环经济干部读本[M].北京:中共党史出版社.2005(2):156.
[126]Andreas W.Koenig,生态工业园区发展.中国政府官员和工业园区管理者指南,2005.7.
[127]王兆华,尹建华,生态工业园中工业共生网络运作模式研究[J].中国软科学,2005(2)80-85.
[128]ARNULFH.The Industrial Symbiosis Research.Yale Symposium at Yale:2004.
[129]杨农,战略合作经济学-网络时代的企业生存法则[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社.2004.
[130]张喜征,资源池模式下虚拟企业信任治理模型及实例研究[J].中国软科学,2004(12):65-69.
[131]温承革,于凤霞,供应链企业信任关系的培育途径[J].中国软科学,2004(10):84-88.
[132]Maile Deppe,EdCohen-Rosenthal,《关于生态工业开发、工作和环境提案的规范、契约、条件和限制》,1999.
[133]Wen,Z.,Chen,J.A cost-benefit analysis for the economic growth in China[J].Ecological economics(2007),doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.07.007.
[134]http://www.chinanews.com.cn/news/2006/2006-03-16/8/704066.shtml.
[135]http://www.gxnews.com.cn/staticpages/20070509/newgx4640cf2f-1067269.shtml.
[136]傅恒杰,我国县域经济发展的路径选择[J].山东社会科学,2006(8):60-62.
[137]湛果,张明举,循环经济理论与县域经济发展[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(3):916-917.
[138]http://www.chinalawedu.com/news/1200/22598/2006/3/pa735831030141360023536-0.htm.
[139]国务院西部开发办调研组,发展生态型县域经济的有益探索.广西日报,07-5-9,002版.
[140]Steve Dodds.Towards a 'science of sustainability':Improving the way ecological economics understands human well-being[J].Ecological Economics 23(1997):95-111.
[141]http://news.sohu.com/20070803/n251401636.shtml.
[142]罗勇著,区域经济可持续发展[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005(5).
[143]保罗.R.伯特尼,罗伯特.N.史蒂文斯主编,环境保护的公共政策(第2版)[M].上海:上海人民出版社.2004.
[144]王鲁明,区域循环经济发展模式研究.博士论文.2005.6.
[145]金涌,李有润,冯久田主编,生态工业:原理与应用[M].清华大学出版社,2003(8).
[146]王朝全,论循环经济的动力机制与制度设计[J].绿色经济,56-59.
[147]陈丽娜,区域循环经济的理论研究与实证分析.博士论文.2006.3.
[148]程达军,产业集群与循环经济工业园系统结构与动力比较[J].改革与战略,2005(9):57-59.
[149]董骁,循环经济动力不足的微观经济学分析[J].上海经济研究,2007(1):77-83.
[150]于磊,企业发展循环经济动力机制的培育[J].决策探索,2007(6):88-89.
[151]郭彬,循环经济评价和激励机制设计[D].博士论文.2005.12.
[152]清洁能源行动办公室组织编著,清洁能源促进政策应用与分析[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2005(9).
[153]《国务院关于加快发展循环经济的若干意见》.国发[2005]22号.
[154]托马斯.思德纳著,张蔚文,黄祖辉译,环境与自然资源管理的政策工具[M].上海:上海三联书店,上海人民出版社,2005(12).
[155]谢芳,李慧明,生产者责任延伸制与企业的循环经济模式[J].生态经济,2006(6):64-67.
[156]程信和,论循环经济发展中的生产者责任[J].中山大学学报(社会科学版),2007(4)81-127.
[157]鲍健强,翟帆,陈亚青,生产者延伸责任制度研究[J].中国工业经济,2007(8):98-105.
[158]李昭华,潘小春,产品消费排污的信息不对称与生态标签在国际贸易中的战略操控[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2005(2):19-32.