摘要
本文通过对高速公路坡面植被恢复研究现状的归纳总结,依托云南省交通厅科技项目——保龙高速公路建设示范工程,遵循恢复生态学原理,对保龙高速公路边坡植被生长现状进行选样、调查、研究。研究认为,保龙全线边坡整体的恢复效果,是比较成功的,基本达到了安全稳定性、生态恢复、景观、社会经济等设计效果。
影响植被恢复效果的主要因素是坡面岩土性状:强风化花岗岩有机质及无机盐含量丰富,为植被生长提供了良好的条件;硬岩边坡坡面植被立地条件差,坡度大,岩体硬度过大,保水功能差,活化养分少,根系无法伸入,植被恢复效果差;不同风化程度的泥页岩,坡面土壤硬度和抗蚀性都不相同,植被恢复效果也有所差异;不同的土质和土石混合边坡植被恢复效果的主要控制因素有所不同。
根据植被生态学原理,遵循评价体系建立的原则,建立了保龙高速公路边坡植被恢复效果评价指标体系,确定了工程效果、生态效果、景观效果和社会经济效果四个准则层,运用专家—层次分析法确定了准则层、指标层各个指标的权重;采用多目标线性加权函数法—综合评分方法进行评价,评价指标分为健康、亚健康、一般、较差、很差5级。
在所选定的四种类型的边坡中,强风化花岗岩边坡的综合评分最高,>6.88,属于健康边坡,泥页岩边坡则属于亚健康,土石混合边坡的植被恢复效果一般,硬岩边坡的植被恢复效果较差。
本文所建立的评价指标体系,具有一定的推广应用性,为边坡的植被恢复工作提供理论支撑和经验指导;能够为周边高速公路(例如保腾高速公路)以及相近岩土性状的边坡防护提供借鉴。
Through vegetation restoration on existing highway slope , this article sums up the researching status. Relying on Yunnan communications department’s technology projects—constructing demonstration projects of Baolong highway, following the principles of restoration ecology, specially made much investigation and study selection on growth situation on Baolong highway slope. Studies suggest that the restoring effect of the whole range slope is relatively successful, basicly reached to the design effects,like safety stability, ecological restoration, landscape, social economy, and so on.
The main factors of vegetation recover in geotechnical slope is the rock properties: Organic and inorganic salt concentration is rich on the strongly weathered granite,and provides good conditions for vegetation growth; The vegetation site conditions is poor on the hard rock side slope , steep, hard, poor water-retaining function, less activative nutrient, root can't stretch into, so the vegetation restoration is poor; Different weathering degree of clay shale, the surface soil hardness and resistance to corrosion are not all the same, thus the vegetation restoration are also different; Vegetation restoration on different soil slope earth-rock mixture ,and the main control factors are different.
According to vegetation ecology, following the principle of evaluation system, establish the evaluation index system for vegetation restoration effect on Baolong highway slope, develop four criterion layers, the effects of engineering, ecological, landscape and social economic, using experts - AHP determine the weight of each target of criterion strata and index layer; Adopting multi-objective linear weighted function method - comprehensive pointrating method to evaluate, evaluation index is divided into Health, and Subhealth, General, Bad, Worse, five levels.
The selected four types of slope, The comprehensive scores on strongly weathered granite slopes is the highest,>6.88, are Health, clay shale slopes are Subhealth, the vegetation restoration on soil slopes is General, and the hard rock slopes is Worse.
The evaluation index system established in this paper, provide theoretical support and experience guidance for the vegetation restoration work for the slope; It also has certain promotion application, providing reference guides to surrounding highway (for example, Baoteng highway) and the similar soil slope.
引文
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