摘要
对于一座现代化的体育馆，不但要建筑体型美观大方，各种体育设施齐备完善；而且还要营造良好的室内人工环境。必须保证比赛项目所要求的温度、湿度、风速，为运动员创造佳绩提供条件；也同时要为观众提供一个舒适卫生的观赏环境，对观众席提供适合的空气温度、湿度、风速、新风量、洁净和嗓声标准等。体育馆的大厅(包括比赛区和观众席)则是体育馆的核心部分，也是空调作用的重点。比赛大厅的气流组织处理，是实现大厅人工环境要求的最主要手段。
目前国内在进行体育馆空调气流组织的研究中，普遍采用模型实验研究和数值模拟研究，尚缺乏大规模的现场实测研究。然而现场实测研究有其必要性，现场测试是在实际运行情况下进行的，其所得出的各种数据均是真实数值，这是任何模拟研究所无法比拟的。不仅可以发现并提出空调系统中的实际问题，而且也可为模拟实验积累验证数据，用以改进模拟研究的准确性。
本文研究的体育馆采用观众席与比赛场地分区进行空调的形式，比赛场地采用喷口近程侧送，观众席为旋流风口远程侧送，回风口安装在走道台阶和比赛场边的侧壁上。空气自上而下送入观众席和比赛场，然后由回风口带走。
本文主要对体育馆比赛大厅风系统和水系统及消声防排烟进行了系统研究，包括比赛大厅的负荷计算空调方式及冷热源的选择，风管、水管的布置等，并利用射流公式对比赛大厅的气流组织进行预测。
本文还通过测量体育馆比赛大厅的工作区及非等温送风情况下的温度分布和速度分布及噪声情况，利用实测结果分析了气流组织情况及舒适情况，并与射流公式预测的数值进行比较。
从测试结果来看，所有区域的温度是比较令人满意，并与射流公式预测基本相符。场地内温度较均匀，风速满足大球比赛要求，但进行小球比赛时，为满足比赛对风速的严格要求，需关闭两股射流进行小球比赛时。本馆的温度分布虽然满足设计要求，但平均温度较高，在进行激烈比赛时，影响观众和运动员的舒适感。
For a modern gymnasium, not only construction figure is aesthetic and kinds of sports facilities are available, but also create a good indoor artificial environment. The competition will be required to ensure the temperature, humidity, wind speed, for the players and create the conditions for success; also for the health of the viewing audience with a more comfortable environment, thus suitable air temperature, humidity, wind speed, quantity of fresh air, clean and noise standards are provided. Sports hall (including competitions and the audience area) is a core component of the role of air conditioning. Air distribution in the competition hall is the most important means to meet the artificial environmental requirements.
Numerical simulation model is widely used in air flow in the stadium, as to the current domestic study, lacking of large-scale field tests in research. Field measurement study is necessary, however, the test is carried out under actual operating conditions, that comes to the numerical data are true, which is incomparable to any simulation studies. And by this method, real problems of air-conditioning systems can be discovered, as well, accumulate the test data for the simulation to improve the accuracy of simulation.
In this paper, competition and audience areas are air-conditioned in the form of districted air-conditioning. Side short vents are used to cover the competition area and long-range side swirl diffusers are used to cover the audience area. Air return grilles are installed in sidewalk level and back hallway wall. Air is sent from top to bottom and then removed from the air return grilles.
In addition, system research is carried out on the wind and water system, the muffler and the fire protection and smoke control system of the sports hall, which includes air conditioning load calculation, choice of cold and heat sources, layouts of duct, pipe, and the use of jet air distribution formula to predict the competition hall.
This paper also by measuring the temperature and velocity distribution as well as noise level of working area in the sport hall under the non-isothermal air supply conditions, combined with measured results, analyses the airflow comfort, what is compared with prediction by the jet formula.
From the test results, all regions of the temperature is more satisfactory and in line with the basic jet prediction formula. Uniform temperature is available in competition area and wind speed satisfies big-ball competition, but as to the small-ball tournaments, to meet the stringent requirements, two jets should be shut down.
Although the temperature distribution organized meets the design requirements, the average temperature is a little higher, what will influence the comfortable feeling of spectators and athletes during intense competition.
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