摘要
现代建筑中,居民80%-90%时间在室内度过的,室内空气品质的恶化和能源危机的频繁出现,使得自然通风这种受自然力驱动零机械能消耗的古老的通风方式越来越被人们所重视,自然通风成了改善室内空气品质与降低建筑能耗的有效途径之一。本文的主要目的就是通过CFD数值模拟FLUENT软件分析建筑高度对其自身自然通风能力的影响和室外风场不同建筑布局格式下的变化规律,进而分析室内风场随室外风环境的变化而变化的规律,为城市建筑方案的优化设计和评估提供理论与应用基础。
对不同建筑高度对建筑自然通风的影响研究结果表明,建筑不同部分具有不同的自然通风能力,得到了单体建筑风压作用下自然通风的分布规律,即风压作用下自然通风能力在高度上变化规律:风压作用下自然通风能力随高度增加而增加,并在约建筑高度4/5处出现最大值,而在此范围以后出现显著下降的现象,所以风压作用下的自然通风条件最好之处为建筑高度的4/5处。
通过分析不同布局格式的建筑的室内外风环境,可以得知:建筑外部风场的变化对建筑室内自然通风量的变化影响很大,在基本的建筑布局格式下(平行式、错列式和围合式),错列式的排列模式无论是室外人行高度处的风环境还是同等条件下室内自然通风能力都与单体建筑未受扰情况下的风环境最为接近。
文章的最后运用Network数学计算方法、ContanW模型与CFD模型,对阳光100湖南大学教师公寓的典型建筑在风压作用下室内自然通风的分析作对比,三种模型的对比分析结果验证了本文所采用的CFD模型的正确性。
People spent 80%~90% of their time indoors in modern society, and the deterioration of indoor air quality and energy crisis have frequently occurred, which makes natural ventilation driven by natural wind be concerned increasingly important by people. Natural ventilation is one of the effective ways that could improve indoor air quality and reduce energy consumption of building. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the influences of building height on the natural ventilation capacity and variation regularity of outdoor wind environment in different architectural layout, and moreover, analyze the variation regularity of how the indoor environment changes with outdoor wind environment and provide theory and application foundation for the design and optimization assessment of urban city plan.
The result of the influence of building height on its natural ventilation shows that the different part of building has different natural ventilation capacity. With the increasing of the building height, the capacity of natural ventilation increased, and the maximum of wind pressure difference between windward and leeward appears at the 80% of the building height from ground, which then dropped significantly. Therefore, the best place of single building wind-sided natural ventilation is at the 80% of the building height.
By analyzing the outdoor and indoor wind environment at different layouts of construction distribution, it can be found that the change of the outdoor wind environment has significant influence on the indoor air environment. Among the basic types of construction (parallel, stagger, encircled), both the capacity of indoor natural ventilation and the outdoor air environment of the stagger type at pedestrian height, which calculated from the stagger model, are closest to the single building of non-interference environment. Finally, Network mathematical calculation method, ContanW model and CFD model are used in this paper in order to compare and analyze the indoor natural ventilation of typical buildings of sun 100 Hunan University Teachers' apartments under wind pressure. The comparative analysis results has proved that the CFD model used I this paper is correct.
引文
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