摘要
随着无线通信和移动通信技术的迅猛发展,现代微波、毫米波系统正迅速向小型化、集成化、多功能、可靠性、低成本的方向发展。滤波器作为系统的重要组成部分,如何进行快速有效地设计对工程师们提出了前所未有的挑战。本文从设计方法、谐振器结构、设计工艺与材料等多个角度出发,研究如何设计高性能、小型化的微波滤波器。本文主要分为两部分：第一部分为微波滤波器理论研究,首先阐述了滤波器的基本理论以及设计方法,这是微带滤波器设计的基础。然后提出了改进知识嵌入空间映射(Improved Knowledge Embedded Space Mapping)的优化算法,使用该优化算法可以快速有效地设计滤波器。再从谐振器结构出发研究双模微带谐振器的工作原理,对双模微波滤波器进行建模、分析以及设计,可以实现滤波器的小型化；第二部分为微波滤波器的设计实例。基于低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)技术,运用滤波器理论以及设计方法,设计并制作了超宽带(UWB:3.1——10.6GHz)滤波器系列、Ka波段三工器；基于高温超导(HTS)技术设计并制作了S波段、X波段的高温超导滤波器。
本文的主要研究内容与成果如下：
1、提出了改进知识嵌入空间映射法(Improved Knowledge Embedded Space Mapping)。首次将提取的设计曲线作为嵌入知识用到空间映射法中,解决了介质集成波导(SIW)滤波器的粗糙模型与精确模型参量不匹配问题,运用该方法可以有效、快速的设计SIW滤波器；
2、分析了双模谐振器的工作原理与耦合极性,提出了利用双模谐振器实现具有规范折叠型耦合拓扑结构滤波器的方法。利用双模谐振器中不同的微扰位置,可以实现双模谐振器中两个模式不同的耦合极性,从而可以实现规范折叠型耦合拓扑结构,即可以实现广义切比雪夫型滤波器,如具有多个传输零点的滤波器、线性相位滤波器等。
3、研制出了基于LTCC技术的小型化超宽带(UWB)滤波器系列。本文提出一种多模谐振器,可以实现具有传输零点的UWB滤波器,提高边带陡峭性；在此基础上提出一种带有多零点的多模谐振器,可以直接实现具有限波(notch)的UWB滤波器,从而抑制UWB频谱中不需要的信号；通过将一对短路的四分之一波长线耦合到UWB滤波器中,实现具有阻带的UWB滤波器,用来抑制无线局域网(WLAN)信号。
4、研制出了新型的基于星型拓扑结构的Ka波段LTCC三工器。利用LTCC的多层技术,三路滤波器采用上下层耦合结构从而实现小型化,再将三路滤波器分别耦合到一个公共谐振器上实现消纳网络。
5、研制出了具有极低损耗、极高带外抑制的S波段与X波段高温超导滤波器。采用T1-2212高温超导薄膜,在LaAlO3(001)基片上,设计并制作了10阶S波段高温超导滤波器和6阶X波段高温超导滤波器,测试结果表明高温超导滤波器具有插入损耗小、体积小以及选择性高的特点。
With the rapid development of wireless communication and mobile communication technology, miniaturization, integration, multi-functional, low-cost andreliability are required for modern microwave and millimeter wave systems. It brings great challenges for the engineers to design miniaturized filters with high performance quickly and efficiently, as filters is an important part of the system. How to design miniaturized filters with high performance is studied in this dissertation from several perspectives, including the design method, the resonator structure, design technology and materials. This dissertation can be divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the microwave filter theory. The basic theory and design method of the filters are discussed, which is the basis for the design of microwave filters. Improved knowledge embedded space mapping optimization algorithm is proposed, which can help to design filters quickly and efficiently. Dual mode microstrip resonators are studied. After modeling and analyzing dual mode filters, dual mode filters with general chebyshev response and minimized size can be acheived. The second part is about the microwave filter design examples. Ultra-wideband (UWB:3.1GHz-10.6GHz) filter series and a ka-band triplexer are designed and fabricated using low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology based on the filter theory and design methods. An S-band high temperature superconductor (HTS) filter and an X-band HTS filter are designed and fabricated with HTS technology.
The major contents and contributions of this dissertation can be outlined as follows:
1. Improved knowledge embedded space mapping technology is proposed to design the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) filters. Extracted design curves are first used as the embedded knowledge in space mapping algorithm, to solve the problem of mismatch of parameters of the course model and fine model. Base on the proposed optimization algorithm, we can design SIW filters quickly and effectively.
2. The dual mode resonator is analyzed and the coupling characteristic is determined. A method to realize filters with folded canonical form is proposed based on the dual mode resonators. We can get different coupling characteristic of the two modes when the disturbance is placed in different place of the dual mode resonator. On this basis, we can realize filters with folded canonical form, which means that general chebyshev filters can be realized using dual mode resonators, such as filters with multiple transmission zeros, filters with linear phase.
3. A series of miniaturized UWB filters have been developed based on LTCC technology. A multi-mode resonator is proposed to realize UWB filter with transmission zeros to improve the frequency selectivity. A multi-mode resonator with inherent zeros is proposed to realize the UWB filter with a notched band to eliminate the unwanted signals in UWB band. By coupling a couple of1/4λ transmission lines to a UWB filter, a UWB filter with a stopband can be realized to suppress the WLAN signals.
4. Novel LTCC triplexer with star-junctionin Ka-band has been developed. Based on LTCC multilayer technology, vertical coupling structure is adopted in three filter channels in order to achieve miniaturization. And then, the three filter channels are coupled to a common resonator to realize the absorptive network.
5. HTS filters with extremely low insersion loss and high rejection in S-band and X-band have been developed. The T1-2212superconducting thin films were prepared on both sides of the substrate of LaAlO3(001). An S-band10-pole HTS filter and an X-band6-pole HTS are designed and fabricated. HTS filters show the advantage of low insertion loss, small size and high selectivity.
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