摘要
随着经济的飞速发展,物质生活质量的不断提高,人们越来越重视对精神生活的追求,休闲、旅游活动逐渐成为人们生活中的一部分。在旅游市场需求驱动下,城市逐渐成为重要的旅游目的地之一,城市旅游得以蓬勃发展。同时,我国于2006年又正式出台了构建和谐社会的政策。显然,建设和谐城市是构建和谐社会的一部分。在这种背景下,本文认为建设以人为本的城市游憩商业区(RBD),充分发掘城市游憩功能,是改善城市游憩环境、提高城市旅游竞争力、构建和谐城市的措施之一。
城市RBD概念源自旅游区购物问题的研究,但是随着时间的发展,该概念的外延已被大大拓展,城市RBD已经成为城市游憩系统的一部分,是城市重要的新的功能区。
本文以城市RBD空间结构为研究对象,在前人研究的基础上,分析了城市RBD的类型、形态与特性,指出了城市RBD空间规划的理论基础,总结了城市RBD空间规划的技术方法、规划要点,最后以开封市鼓楼城市RBD空间规划为例进行了实证分析。全篇论文共分为七个部分,其主要内容如下:
第一部分为引言。介绍本文选题的背景、研究目的、研究意义、研究方法与技术路线。
第二部分为相关概念界定与解释。对休闲、游憩与旅游的概念进行了解释与界定,并探讨了游憩与旅游、RBD与CBD的区别与联系。
第三部分为国内外文献研究综述。在国内外有关城市RBD研究文献的基础上,根据研究内容的不同,对文献进行了分类,最后做了总的评析。
第四部分为城市RBD的类型、形态与特性。在前人研究的基础上对城市RBD的类型进行了重新分类,分别从单个城市RBD的角度以及城市的角度分析了城市RBD的基本形态和城市RBD系统的空间形态,最后总结了城市RBD的六个特点。
第五部分为城市RBD空间规划的理论、方法与要点。城市RBD空间规划的理论基础涉及到地理学理论、经济学理论、休闲学理论和以人为本理论;技术方法有GIS技术方法、城市意象法、景观生态学方法和建筑与环境整合法。最后从交通组织、商业配置和游憩空间规划三个方面总结了城市RBD空间规划的要点。
第六部分为实证分析。以开封市鼓楼城市RBD为例,对城市RBD的空间规划进行了实证分析。首先介绍了鼓楼城市RBD的概况并对其范围进行了界定。其次分析了鼓楼城市RBD的游憩资源、商业现状以及空间构成,并指出了其存在的主要问题。最后,提出了鼓楼城市RBD空间规划的设想。
第七部分是结语。对本文的研究内容进行了总结,指出了本文研究的主要结论和不足之处,并对有待继续深入研究的问题进行了展望。
With the rapid development of economic, continuously improvement of the quality of people’s material life, human beings pay more attention to the pursuit of spiritual life. leisure and tourism has gradually become a part of people's lives. To meet the increasing tourism market demand, city has become one of important tourist destinations and flourish .Meanwhile, chinese policy of constructing the harmony society has been also issued in 2006.Obviously,constructing harmony city is one part of constructing harmony society. So,it is very necessary to excavate adequately city's recreation function. Constructing Recreational Business District(RBD) is one of the measures that can improve recreational environment of city, raise the tourism competitiveness of city and construct the harmony city.
Concept of RBD was derived from the research of tourist shopping area, but with the development of times, the extension of the concept has been greatly expand. RBD has become part of a recreational system of city and important new function area.
Based on foregoing researches, taking spatial structure of RBD as a research object,the dissertation analyses type, shape and characteristics of city RBD, points out theoretical foundation of RBD spatial planning, summed up techniques, planning points of city RBD spatial planning. In the end ,taking Gulou RBD in Kaifeng as an example ,the dissertation analyses empirical spatial planning of RBD in city. The dissertation is divided into seven parts, the following are main elements:
Part one is introduction. The chapter introduces the background of this topic selection, research goal, research significance and research method and technical route.
Part two is related concepts defined and explained. The dissertation discusses the concept and definition of leisure, recreation and tourism in, points out the differences and link between recreation and tourism, between RBD and CBD .
Part three is summary of research .based on the literature of RBD at home and abroad ,the different content of the documents are classified. At last the author assesse these literatures.
Part four is the type , shape and characteristics of urban RBD. Based on foregoing researches ,urban RBD have been reclassified. From the perspective of individual cities and urban RBD,the dissertation analyses the shape of RBD and RBD system. In the end ,the author concludes six characteristics of urban RBD.
Part five is theories, methods and points of urban RBD spatial planning. Theoretical basis of urban RBD spatial planning related to geography, economics, leisure theory and the man-centered theory. The feasible planning methods have GIS technology, city image, landscape ecology and construction of , integration method architecture and environmental etc. Finally, the dissertation sums up three aspects spatial planning points included traffic, commercial distribution and recreation spatial planning .
Part six is empirical study . According to what have mention,taking Gulou RBD in Kaifeng city for example, the dissertation gives an empirical study. Firstly,the dissertation introduces the profile of Gulou RBD and defining of its scope. Secondly ,the dissertation analyses recreational resources, as well as the status quo of commercial space constitutes in Gulou RBD and pointes out the existence of a major problem. Finally, the dissertation puts forward spatial planning ideas of Gulou RBD in kaifeng city.
Part seven is conclusions.. This part generalizes the main conclusions and points out the main inadequacies.finally, the author points out orientation and content which should be studied deeply in the future.
引文
①零售业态分类规范 http://wane.myrich.cn/fmnchise/8/10947.shtml
[1]Charles A. Stansfield, Jr. and John E. Rickert. The Recreational Business District[J].Journal of Leisure Research.1970.4(2): 213-225.
[2]楼嘉军.娱乐旅游概论[M].福建:福建人民出版社,2003.
[3]梁颖. 娱乐设施经营管理[M].浙江:浙江摄影出版社,2000.
[4]俞晟.城市旅游与城市游憩学[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2003.
[5] L.J.Smith, 吴必虎 译.游憩地理学:理论与方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992,8-9.
[6]保继刚,旅游地理学[M] .北京:高等教育出版社,2004,1-2.
[7]保继刚.旅游开发研究——原理、方法、实践[M] .北京:科学出版社,2000.
[8]谢彦君.基础旅游学[M] .北京:中国旅游出版社,2004.
[9]曹诗图,郑宇飞,孙天胜.游概念新思辨[J].游高等专科学校学报,2006,17(4),385~388.
[10](美)罗伯特 麦金托斯等著,蒲红等译. 旅游学—要素,实践,基本原理[M] .上海:上海文化出版社,1985:1-2.
[11]吴必虎.区域旅游规划原理[M].北京:中国旅游出版社,2001.
[12]薛会娟.城市游憩商业区系统研究[D].硕士论文,上海师范大学,2006.
[13]Stephen L J S.Dictionary of concept in recreation and leisure stuidies[M]. Greenwood Press,1990.
[14]古诗韵,保继刚.广州城市游憩商业区 RBD 对城市发展的影响[J].地理科学,2002,22(4):489-493.
[15]许学强,周一星,宁越敏.城市地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1996.
[16]R Emurphy,J E Vance.A comparative study of nine central business districts[J]. Economic Geography , 1954,(6):96-108.
[17]王玲,斌史. 城市 RBD 的研究与发展[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(社会科学版),2005,(03):28-30.
[18]V .Taylor. V.The recreational business district: a component of the East London urban morphology[J] .South Africa Geographyr, 1975,5:139~144.
[19]Smith S . Recreation Geography[M].London&N.Y:Longman,1983.
[20]Meyer-Arendt,K.Recreational business districts in Gulf of Mexico seaside resorts[J].Journel of Cultural Geography, 1990,11:39-55.
[21]R.W.Bulter.West Edmonton Mall as a tourist attraction [J].the Canadian Geographer.1991,35(3):287-295.
[22]Getz.D.Planning for tourism business district[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1993.20:583-600.
[23]Shaw G. and Williams.A.:Critical Issues in Tourism: A Geofraphyal Perspactive[M] .Oxford: Blackwell, 1994.
[24]Page S .Urban Tourism[M].London&N.Y: Longman,1995.
[25]Pearce,D. G. .Tourist districts in Paris:Structure and function[J].Tourism Management, 1998, 19 (1):39-45.
[26]保继刚.主题公园的发展及其影响研究——以深圳市为例[D] .中山大学博士论文,1995 .
[27]保继刚,古诗韵.城市 RBD 研究初步[J].规划师,1998,(4):59-65.
[28]吴必虎.区域旅游规划原理[M].北京:中国旅游出版社,2001,358-359 .
[29]侯国林,黄震方.城市商业游憩区旅游开发的原则与产品体系[J] .城市问题,2001,1:18-20.
[30]朱传保,唐晓莲.刍议城市游憩商业区(RBD)建设[J].中国城市经济,2003,(10):65-67 .
[31]刘松龄.从 CBD 到 RBD——传统 CBD 发展方向探析[J] .现代城市研究,2003,(4):59-64.
[32]杨宏烈,潘广庆.论创建 RBD 的旅游景观特色[J] .中外建筑; 2002,(6):21-25.
[33]吴郭泉,程道品,吴忠军,高元衡.桂林城市 RBD 开发研究 [J] .城市问题,2004, (4):33-35.
[34]李艳娜.构建城市游憩商业区——以南京游憩商业区发展为例[J].南京财经大学学报,2006,(2):30-32.
[35]陈家刚.城市游憩商业区的开发与建设[J].城市,2005,(1):53-55.
[36]王欣,顾烨.城市游憩商业区 RBD 建设初探——以古都徐州户部山步行街为例[J] .三门峡职业技术学院学报,2007,(1):109-111.
[37]张立生.中国城市 RBD 发展的驱动机制研究[D].华东师范大学博士论文,2006.
[38]郭伟,路旸,桑婀娜.在秦皇岛市建立游憩商业区的思考[J].商业研究,2006,(2):184-185.
[39]陈奕滨.广州市沿江西游憩商业区发展研究[D].中山大学硕士论文,2003.
[40]黄惠珊.苏州城市旅游发展论纲[D].苏州大学硕士论文,2001.
[41]卞显红,张树夫.我国城市游憩商业区的开发与发展[J].经济地理,2004(2):206-211.
[42]保继刚,古诗韵.广州市游憩商业区(RBD)的形成与发展[J].人文地理,2002,17(5):1-6.
[43]王娟,何桂梅.城市游憩商业区形成机制分析——以济南市为例[J] .泰山学院学报,2004,26(2):87-89.
[44]连彬. 构建城市 RBD 游憩商业区研究——以重庆市南滨路为例[J] .中国水运,2006,(8):208-210.
[45]黄震方,侯国林.大城市商业游憩区形成机制研究[J] .地理学与国土研究.2001,(4):44-47.
[46]侯国林,黄震方,赵志霞.城市商业游憩区的形成及其空间结构分析[J].人文地理,2002,(5):12-16.
[47]鄢惠丽,邓宏兵.城市游憩商业区的环境和功能——以武汉市江汉路为例[J] .城市问题,2004,(1)40-43.
[48]卞显红.城市旅游空间结构及其空间规划布局研究[D].南京师范大学硕士论文,2002.
[49]陶伟,李丽梅.香港城市游憩商业区空间结构演变模式[J] .香港规划进展,2005,29(6):69-74.
[50]陶伟,李丽梅.城市游憩商业区系统 SRBD 的生长研究——以历史文化名城苏州为例[J] .旅游学刊,2003,18(3):43-47.
[51]陶伟,黄荣庆.城市游憩商业区空间结构的发展演变及其相关影响因素研究——以广州为例[J].人文地理,2006,20(3):10-13.
[52]徐莉君.浅析扬州城市游憩商业区的形成与发展[J].扬州社会科学,2007,(2) :47-48.
[53]薛会娟.城市游憩商业区系统研究[D].上海师范大学硕士论文,2006.
[54]庄峻.文化休憩产业区(RBD):以功能创新提升城市综合竞争力[J].浦东开发,2001,(1): 20-23.
[55]曲凌雁,顾安琪.城市游憩商业区(RBD)对城市发展的影响[J].世界地理研究, 2006,(4):76-81.
[56]王鹏辉.乌鲁木齐城市游憩商业区研究[J].实事求是,2007,(2):41-44.
[57]将国华.重庆都市旅游中央商业游憩区的开发探析[J].商城现代化,2006,(30):176-177.
[58]张晶,杨宏烈.广州 RBD 的旅游景观特色评析[J].规划师,2002,(12):52-55.
[59]杨柳、蒲勇建.商业游憩区开发的经济博弈分析[J].科技管理研究,2006,(6):199-200.
[60]刘俊,马风华,苗学玲.基于期望差异模型的RBD顾客满意度研究——以广州市北京路步行商业区为例[J].旅游学刊, 2004,(5):13-18.
[61]凯文·林奇著.方益萍,何晓军译.城市意象[M].北京:华夏出版社,2001.
[62]陈贝贝,杨剑.论空间与场所.四川建筑[J].2007,(2):49-50.
[63]俞孔坚.追求场所性:景观设计的几个途径及比较研究.建筑学报[J].2000,(2):3-48.
[64]赵利卫. 城市休闲空间系统的建构[D].北京工业大学硕士论文, 2002.
[65]李小建等编著.经济地理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1999:52-84.
[66] Porter M E. Location,Competition,and Economic Development:Local Clusters in a Global Economy [J]. Economic Development Quarterly,2000,14(1): 15~34.
[67]O'Sulliven.Urban Economics[M] .The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.2002.5:36-38.
[68]崔凤军.中国传统旅游目的地创新与发展[M].北京:中国旅游出版社,2002.
[69]刘峰.中国西部旅游发展战略[M].北京:中国旅游出版社,2001.
[70](美)阿尔温.托夫勒著,孟广均译.未来的震荡[M].北京:新华出版社,1996.
[71] B·约瑟夫·派恩(美),詹姆斯·H·吉尔摩(美)著.夏业良,鲁炜等译.体验经济[M] .北京:机械工业出版社,2002:123-140.
[72]吴志强,吴承照.城市旅游规划原理[M] .北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005:203
[73]吴承照,现代城市游憩规划设计理论与方法[M].北京:中国建筑 工业出版社,1998:55-60
[74][美]凯文.林奇,项秉仁译.城市的印象[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990.
[75]石铁矛.人居环境建设的城市景观生态方法——沈阳市景观生态规划研究[J].规划师,1999,15(1):41-46.
[76]孙娜,秦玉,向泽涛.步行街休闲座椅的环境行为学研究[J] .山西建筑,2007,33(9).49-50.
[77]程子良,李清银.开封城市史[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,1993.
[78]郭书学,赵道山,沙旭升.开封风物大观[M].河南:中州古籍出版社,1992.