构建企业网络组织促进云南中小医药企业快速发展
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摘要
医药行业是高增长、高投入、高技术含量的产业。云南省将医药产业列为继烟草行业后的支柱产业。如何发展云南医药产业关系到云南地方经济的发展水平和速度。云南医药企业数量众多,但规模小、实力弱,布局分散。面对着激烈的市场竞争、高额的新产品开发费用等压力,云南中小医药企业靠“单兵作战”是难以改变小、散、弱的现状的。中小医药企业必须“联合作战”。本文从组织创新的角度提出:构建企业网络组织,促进云南中小医药企业快速发展。
     企业网络组织指企业间通过合作关系形成的企业群体。在企业网络中,各个企业通过某种纽带联系起来,结合成为一个“准企业”;同时,各个企业实际上又是相互独立的,以市场交易来组织资源配置,又使之具有了某些“市场”的特征。组建有效的企业网络组织能使中小企业借助网络组织中其它企业的资金、技术、人才等资源,增强其产品研发能力和市场开拓能力。网络组织适应了环境的不确定性和竞争的剧烈性,结合了大企业的规模经济、抗风险性强和小企业灵活应变能力强的优势,也满足了企业或组织之间既竞争又合作的创新需求。
     本文首先从云南医药产业的现状出发,分析了中小医药企业各种增长模式,即单个企业模式、企业集团模式、网络组织模式的特点和局限,指出企业网络组织模式是一种应用前景良好的共赢模式。其次分析了企业网络组织产生的社会、经济和技术背景;界定了企业网络组织的内涵;阐述了企业网络组织的理论基础;论证了企业网络组织是中小企业扬长避短的组织创新形式。再次划分了企业网络组织的类型,并结合云南医药企业经营现状对云南中小医药企业网络组织的模式进行了探索。接着从理论上阐述了企业网络组织的运行机制中的一些重要问题,包括生命周期模型(识别、组建、运行、终止)、运行的基础平台(知识/技能网络、信息网络、物流网络、动态合同网络)、基于信任的动态合同管理、协调机制等。最后分析了云南中小医药企业网络组织形成和发展的基础条件与政策保障机制,对构建云南中小医药企业网络组织提供了指导。
Medical industry is a high-growing, high-investing and high-tech industry. Yunnan provincial government has taken the medical industry as another pillar industry after tobacco industry. How to develop Yunnan medical industry is concerned with the level and speed of the local economic development. There are many medical enterprises in Yunnan, but they are in small scale, poor strength and thin dispersion. Confronted with the pressure of the intense competition of market and the high cost of new product development, these small and medium medical enterprises are unable to change their current situation of small scale, thin dispersion and poor strength by their own 'single fight'. They should have a 'combined fight'. This thesis proposes the idea of establishing an enterprise network organization to promote the rapid development of the small and medium medical industries in Yunnan in terms of organizational innovation.
    The enterprise network organization refers to the group of industries, which are formed in their cooperation among the enterprises. In the enterprise network organization, various enterprises are linked together through certain ties, combining into a 'quasi-industry'. At the same time they are mutually independent, organizing the allocation of resources by market trade and making themselves with the characteristics of some 'markets'. The establishment of the effective enterprise network organization is able to make the small and medium medical enterprises to enhance their capacities for product development and market pioneering by the aid of the funds, technologies and talents of other enterprises in the network organization. The network organization has adapted to the environmental uncertainty and competitive violence, combined the advantages of the scale economy and the strong anti-risk property of large enterprises with that of the elasticity and flexibility of small enterprises and met the innovative req
    uirement of the competition and cooperation among the enterprises or organizations as well.
    Beginning with the current situation of Yunnan medical industries, the thesis analyses various growing models of the small and medium medical enterprises, namely, the characteristics and limitations of single enterprise model, enterprise group model and network organization model, and proposes that the network organization model should be a promising common-profit
    
    
    
    model. Secondly it analyses the social, economic and technological background of the enterprise network organization and production, defined the connotation of the enterprise network organization, elaborates the theoretical basis of the enterprise network organization, and expounded that it should be an innovative organization in which the small and medium medical enterprises make the best use of advantages and fight shy of disadvantages. Thirdly, it classifies the types of the enterprise network organization and explores the enterprise network organization models of the small and medium medical enterprises in Yunnan on the basis of the current operating situation. Fourthly, it theoretically elaborates some important problems in the operating mechanism of the enterprise network organization, including the model of its life circle (identification, establishment, operation and stop), operating basic platform (knowledge/skill network, information network, logistics network, dynamical contract network), the dyna
    mical contract management and coordinative mechanism based on confidence and etc. Finally, it analyses the basic conditions and the policy safeguard mechanism of the formation and development of the small and medium medical enterprises in Yunnan and gives some guidance to the establishment of the enterprise network organization of the small and medium medical enterprises in Yunnan.
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