摘要
稻米品质包括加工品质、外观品质、蒸煮与食味品质和营养品质等,一般消费者偏向于关注外观品质、蒸煮与食味品质以及营养品质。传统育种对由多基因控制的数量性状的改良存在许多弊端,如性状不稳定,因此达到对这些性状改良的目的比较困难。本研究就是为充分利用现有的科技手段改良稻米品质提供一些参考信息。
本研究利用日本优质粳稻品种越光和国内著名高产籼稻品种南京11构建的重组自交系(RIL Recombinant inbred lines)群体,在2006和2007两年间连续考察了稻谷和糙米的粒形(粒长、粒宽和长宽比)、千粒重、垩白米率、粗脂肪含量、总蛋白含量以及直链淀粉含量等11项稻米品质性状,结合分子数据从表型到遗传基础进行分析,将控制稻米品质性状的遗传基础分解为加性QTL、上位性QTL以及QTL与环境的互作。为下一步分子标记辅助选择改良稻米品质提供相关信息。
结果如下:
1.利用QTLNetWork软件对11项稻米主要性状进行分析,共检测到27个加性QTL,分别位于除第7、9、10和11染色体以外的8条染色体上;还检测到16对非加性上位性互作效应QTL。本研究所检测到27个加性QTL中有8个为前人曾经检测到在同一区间;19个为新的加性QTL,包括:控制稻谷粒长的qGL-3、qGL-4、qGL-6和qGL-12;控制稻谷粒宽的qGW-1、qGW-2和qGW-5;控制稻谷长/宽的qLWR-2和qLWR-3;控制糙米粒长的qBRL-3-1、qBRL-3-9和qBRL-4;控制糙米粒宽的qBRW-1;控制糙米长/宽的qLWRBR-2-11和qLWRBR-4;控制千粒重的qTSW-4和qTSW-5;控制垩白米率的qPGWC-6;控制脂肪含量的qRFC-12。
2.稻米品质性状的加性QTL、上位性QTL以及QTL与环境的互作分析表明:稻谷粒长、稻谷粒宽、稻谷长/宽、糙米粒长、糙米粒宽、糙米长/宽、垩白米率、千粒重和脂肪含量主要受加性QTL控制外,还受到上位性QTL影响;蛋白质含量主要受加性QTL控制;直链淀粉含量主要受控于Wx基因,同时受微效位点的修饰外,还受到上位性QTL影响。
3.在本研究所的结果中,普遍存在着QTL多效性:稻谷粒宽和糙米粒宽位于第1染色体上的QTL位点相同;稻谷粒宽、糙米粒宽和糙米长/宽分位于第2染色体上的QTL位点相同:稻谷长/宽、糙米粒宽和糙米长/宽位于第2染色体上的QTL位点相同;稻谷粒长和糙米粒长位于第3染色体上的QTL位点相同,稻谷长/宽和糙米粒长位于第3染色体上的QTL位点相同;稻谷粒长、糙米粒长、糙米长/宽和千粒重位于第4染色体上的QTL位点相同;稻谷粒长、垩白米率和直链淀粉含量位于第6染色体上的QTL位点相同。
The demand for superior grain quality is increasingly becoming a priority for international export markets in all of the cultivated rice-producing areas worldwide.The primary components of rice grain quality include appearance,eating,cooking,and milling quality,and nutritional qualities,all values that are determined by their physical-chemical properties and other socio-cultural factors.Among these quality properties,consumers pay more attention to the fine appearance,high eating and nutritional quality.Therefore,these are major goals in rice quality improvement.In order to characterized the genetic components,including additive effects,epistasis,and QTL-by-environment interaction,that are involved in the control of grain quality,data were collected from replicated tests of a recombinant inbred line population derived from the cross between Koshihikari,a top elite japonica variety with superior grain quality,and Nanjing11,a high-yield indica variety with poor grain quality,in two successive years.The results are as follows:
1.The RIL population showed bimodal segregations for amylase content,indicating the involvement of a major gene for it;whereas,normal distributions of the others,indicating qualititative-inherited.A total of 27 QTL were identified with significant additive effects on nine chromosomes except chromosomes 7、9、10 and 11.Although only qAC-6 for amylase content had the largest effects.Epistasis analysis detected 16 significant additive-by-additive interactions on the traits.For grain length(GL),grain width(GW),grain length-width ratio(GLWR),grain length of rice seed of brown rice(MGL),grain width of rice seed of brown rice(BRW),grain length-width ratio of brown rice(LWRBR), thousand-seed weight(TSW),percentage of grains with chalkiness(PGWC),rice fat content(RFC),amylose content(AC).Only one additive QTL,qRPC-4,interacted with the environments for rice protein content(RPC).Compared with QTL previously reported for these traits,eleven additive QTL,namely qGL-3、qGL-4、qGL-6、qGL-12 qGW-1、qGW-2、qGW-5、qLWR-2、qLWR-3、qBRL-3-1、qBRL-3-9、qBRL-4、qBRW-1、qLWRBR-2-11、qLWRBR-4、qTSW-4、qTSW-5、qPGWC-6 and qRFC-12,are novel loci.Interestingly,the QTL qRFC-6a for RFC with the highest LOD score was located in the interval RM190-RM588 on chromosome 6,which corresponded to the waxy gene region.
2.Based on the dissection of genetic basis in controlling grain quality,it revealed that grain length of rice seed of milled rice,grain width of rice seed of brown rice and fat content were mainly determined by additive QTL;additive effect and epistatic effect were the main genetic components for length-width ratio and thousand-seed weight rice;and amylose content was controlled by Wx and multiple minor loci.
3.QTL multipurpose is normal in this research.We found 6 pairs QTLs there are locate the same place as follows:grain length and grain width of rice seed of brown rice each has the QTL of chromosome 1;grain width,grain width of rice seed of brown rice and grain length-width ratio of brown rice all have the same QTL of chromosome 2;grain length-width ratio,grain width of rice seed of brown rice and grain length-width ratio of brown rice all have the same chromosome 2 QTL;there is the same QTL of chromosome 3 for grain length and grain length of rice seed of brown rice;the same QTL is found in chromosome 3 for grain length-width ratio and grain length of rice seed of brown rice;in those QTLs,the same QTL is in the chromosome 4,and they are grain length,grain length of rice seed of brown rice,grain length-width ratio of brown rice and thousand-seed weight; and the last same QTL is in chromosome 6,the owner are grain length,percentage of grains with chalkiness and amylose content.
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