摘要
日本看麦娘(Alopecurus japonicus Steud.)是我国油菜田的主要杂草,危害严重又难以防除,在我国长江中下游尤为严重。本文从江苏省11个县(市)油菜田采集到12个日本看麦娘种群,以种子生物测定法测定各地日本看麦娘种群对高效氟吡甲禾灵的抗药性以及对其它芳氧苯氧丙酸(AOPP)类和环已烯酮(CHD)类除草剂的交互抗性；采用整株测定法测定了烯草酮与高效氟吡甲禾灵及其不同配比对抗性日本看麦娘的毒力,并进行田间防治试验。结果如下：
抗性检测结果表明,采自句容的两个日本看麦娘种群对高效氟吡甲禾灵的相对抗性倍数分别为76.03和61.18,丹阳、高淳和溧阳3个种群的相对抗性倍数分别为5.89、4.37和4.29,最敏感的为宜兴种群,其相对抗性倍数为1.37,部分地区日本看麦娘种群对高效氟吡甲禾灵已产生抗药性。交互抗性测定结果表明,抗性种群对AOPP类除草剂已产生不同程度的交互抗性,交互抗性水平依次为精吡氟禾草灵>精喹禾灵>精噁唑禾草灵；而抗性种群对具相同作用靶标的CHD类除草剂烯草酮则较为敏感。
烯草酮与高效氟吡甲禾灵的互作研究结果表明,有效成分的配比为0.25：1、0.5：1、1：1、1.5：1、2：1、3：1、4：1,其共毒系数分别为86.05、87.13、83.55、80.50、111.31、99.39、118.22,两者混配表现相加作用。田间试验结果表明,烯草酮与高效氟吡甲禾灵混配,使用剂量为24%烯草酮EC+10.8%高效氟吡甲禾灵EC(375+450)、(300+225)、(375+225)mL/hm2其有效成分的配比为1.9：1、3.0：1、3.7：1,药后60d对抗性日本看麦娘的株防效分别为94.34%、91.79%、94.75%,鲜重防效分别为97.82%、85.21%、97.15%,防除效果显著。
Alopecurus japonicus Steud.is a major weed of oilseed rape field, which is serious harm and difficult to control, especially in the middle and lower region of Yangtze River in China. One purpose of the research is to investigate the resistance level of Alopecurus japonicus Steud. from oilseed rape field in Jiangsu province to haloxyfop-R-methyl and its cross-resistance leve to other AOPP and CHD herbicides. The resistance level of 12 A. japonicus populations from 11 counties (cities) in Jiangsu province to haloxyfop-R-methyl and the cross-resistance level of some populations to other herbicides were assessed by seed bioassay. The toxicity determination of resistant A. japonicus populations to clethdim and haloxyfop-R-methyl and their different ratio was assessed by whole-plant test, and the field control test was conducted. The results summarized as follows:
The results in resistance level experiments showed that the relative resistance factors of 2 populations to haloxyfop-R-methyl from Jurong were 76.03 and 61.18, and 3 papulations from Danyang, Gaochun and Liyang were 5.89,4.37 and 4.29. The most sensitive population was from Yixing, its relative resistance factor was 1.37. Resistance of some A. japonicus populations has occurred to haloxyfop-R-methyl.
The cross-resistance test show that the resistant populations were also resistant to other AOPP herbicides, in which the resistance was in order of fluazifop-P-butyl quizalofop-P-ethyl> fenoxaprop-P-ethyl. However, the resistant populations were more sensitive to clethdim, which was a cyclohexanedione herbicide sharing the same target as AOPP herbicides.
The results of indoor toxicity determination showed that when the ratio of active ingredients of clethdim and haloxyfop-R-methyl were 0.25:1,0.5:1,1:1,1.5:1,2:1,3:1 and 4:1, their co-toxicity coefficient were 86.05,87.13,83.55,80.50,111.31,99.39,118.22, respectively. It showed that the inter-toxicity of clethdim and haloxyfop-R-methyl was additive. The result of field control test showed that the mixture of 24% clethdim EC and 10.8% haloxyfop-R-methyl EC applied at the dosages of 375 mL plus 450mL,300mL plus 225mL and 375mL plus 225mL per hectare in which the mixture ratios of active ingredients were 1.9:1,3.0:1,3.7:1. Their stem control effect were 94.34%,91.79% and 94.75% and the fresh weight effect were 97.82%,85.21% and 97.15% after 60 days, respectively.
引文
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