摘要
本文针对我国陆相沉积层状油藏层内及层间储层非均质性严重、高含水期水驱波及体积小、驱油效率低等特点，以剩余油研究为中心，借助于数学地质统计及聚类分析等方法，综合利用孤东七区西的地质、测井、生产测试资料和生产动态信息等，深入开展了储层非均质模型的精细研究，揭示了在不同规模非均质模型上剩余油的形成机理和分布特征。在此基础上，分别利用油藏工程计算方法建立了井点剩余油定量解释模型、利用流线模型建立了井间剩余油定量解释模型、利用灰聚类分析方法建立了剩余油潜力区定量评价模型，从而达到了特高含水期油田定量描述剩余油分布的目的。本文以孤东油田七区西为实例进行了剩余油定量描述方法的综合应用，研究结论为该油田剩余油挖潜提供了明确的方向和措施，并收到了良好的阶段效果，获得了较大的经济效益。
本文主要取得了以下成果和认识：(1)孤东七区西馆上段油藏是一个由辫状河向曲流河过渡的沉积环境形成的河流相储层，具有砂体横向变化大、岩性物性平面分布差异大、以及纵向上砂体发育程度差异大等特点。沉积微相、微构造的变化、砂体不同韵律性及沉积结构的变化、以及微观孔隙系统的非均质性等是控制和影响不同规模储层中剩余油形成和分布的重要因素。七区西四级储层非均质精细地质模型的建立为深入了解该油藏各级储层非均质性对流体分布的影响，以及特高含水期的剩余油分布研究提供了重要的地质基础。将聚类分析方法引入沉积微相研究，实现了微相划分的定量化、计算机化，大大改进了沉积微相识别的工作方法，提高了微相划分的精度和效率；(2)以油藏工程理论为基础的多种井点剩余油定量研究方法的综合应用实现了直接利用生产动态资料来进行井点、井组、层间、层内的剩余油定量分布的一体化研究。渗饱-水驱曲线法的应用综合考虑了相渗曲线特征及水驱特征曲线，弥补了单一使用理论方法求解剩余油饱和度过于理想化、单靠生产数据求解剩余油过于表面化的缺陷，计算结果更为合理；(3)在井间剩余油研究中引入了流线模型技术，实现了利用微机进行井间剩余油参数的表征和剩余油饱和度的定量解释。结合油藏建模技术、前后处理平台技术形成的流线模型解释井间剩余油软件系统，与数值模拟软件相比，具有运算速度快、允许节点多、适于微机运行的特点，较好地适应了矿场设备及人员要求低、操作简便、运算周期短等要求。嵌套网格划分法改进了压力方程的求解过程，进一步缩短了运算时间，节约了设备运行成本；(4)以地质综合分析的定性分析结论为基础，采用灰色系统理论中的灰聚类方法建立的剩余油定性描述量化模型，实现了剩余油潜力大小的定量化评价。通过合理选择表征剩余油潜力的特征指标、建立特征指标的白化函数及其判别模式，对评价对象的各类潜力指标进行灰聚类分析，最终指出评价对象所属的潜力级别。该方法的判别结果与定量计算结果具有较好的吻合度，对矿场生产措施的调整具有较强的指导意义：(5)采用上述剩余油定量研究方法对孤东油田七区西进行了剩余油定量描述研究，指出了剩余油富集区的潜力大小，为该油田开发措施调整及剩余油挖潜方案提出了具体方向和方法，阶段挖潜措施取得了良好的生产效果和经济效益。
Be aimed at the characters of fluvial layered pool, such as serious intrastratal and interlayer heterogeneity, small water flooding volume and low oil displacement efficiency in its high water-cut stage, the fine research work on reservoir heterogeneity model are carried out, and the research is done on the base of geological, logging, production testing materials and production date and with a center of the research of remaining oil. The west 7th block, Gudong oilfield is in case. The forming mechanisms of remaining oil and its distributing feature in this area are revealed. Then, based on the research results of remaining oil distribution qualitatively analyzing, the well-point remaining oil explanation pattern, the inter-well remaining oil interpretation pattern and remaining oil potential quantitative analysis pattern are established. The results of research work above offer definite remaining oil tapping objectives, and the application in the west 7th block, Gudong Oilfield, obtains good exploiting effect and higher economic benefit.
The paper bears fruit and new knowledge in several aspects as following: (1) The up-Guantao group reservoir of the west 7th block, Gudong oilfield, is fluvial deposition, which is characterized by serious heterogeneity both in plane and vertically. Sediment microfacies, micro-construction, the variation iri sandbody rhythm and structures, and micro-pore configuration non-uniformity are main factors that affect or control the forming of remaining oil and its distribution in different scale reservoir rock. The building of four-sizes reservoir heterogeneity models of the west 7th block sets the important seal on learning how reservoir heterogeneity to affect the distribution of fluid. Clustering analysis is introduced into the microfacies identifying, which realizes the quantification and computerization of microfacies partitioning. (2)The synthetically application of diverse methods of solving well-point remaining oil realizes the integrative research of well-point, well-group, intrastratal and interlayer remaining oil distribution. Specially, the method of permeability-saturation-waterflood curve, which takes account of both relative permeability curve and waterflood curve, makes up the shortcoming of over-idealize only on pure theory and
over-simplistic only on production date. (3) Streamline-model Technique is introduced into the research of inter-well remaining oil distribution, which realizes characterizing reservoir properties dynamically and explaining inter-well remaining oil saturation quantitatively on the micro-computer. Compared with the ordinary numeric simulation software, the streamline-model software system, which combines streamline-model technique with reservoir modeling technique and pre-treating/post-treating platform technique, is more practicable on micro-computer with quick operation speed, more node and lower demand to operator. Nested-girding method improves the solution of pressure function, which could upraise the speed more than 8 times. (4) Based on the qualitative analysis results of geology and employing grey-clustering analysis method, the quantitatively discriminating pattern of the size of remaining oil potential is founded. Through selecting feature indices and setting up brighten function and clustering weightiness of these indices, we can identify the most potential area(s) quantitatively. (5) By using above methods, the synthetically quantitative description of the remaining oil in the west 7th block, Gudong oilfield, is carried, and the areas of oil potential are pointed out, which is very useful for the determination of adjusting measure. Good results both in production and economic are shown by practicing these measures in the west 7th block exploiting.
引文
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