摘要
由于现代船厂生产能力的提高,船舶在船坞内建造周期已大大缩短,但是码头舾装作业时间依然较长,因此码头单船系泊已不能满足现代造船的需要。目前国内许多造船企业在码头实施双船并排系泊,以提高码头的利用率。但是系泊码头环境条件复杂,码头系泊安全问题突出。并排系泊的双船在码头舾装时能否经受大的风浪、甚至台风的袭击,能否保持船舶和码头的安全以及船舶动车时码头设施能否满足要求等问题,都必须进行研究分析。大型船舶单船系泊于码头的情况,通过以往大量的理论和试验研究得到了安全保证和优化,并在实际应用中取得了良好的效果。但对于大型船舶双船并排系泊码头时的情况目前国内还未有过相关的研究工作,因此,本文要对此问题进行研究。
本文详述了码头双船系泊模型试验的过程,并对试验结果进行分析、处理,绘制变化曲线图,得出一般规律,给出合理建议。建立了双船系泊时的风浪流载荷计算模型,通过理论公式计算出在文中自然条件下的双船系泊时的风浪流载荷,并绘制规律曲线图。同时建立在风浪流情况下的大型船舶码头双船系泊时缆绳张力与防护垫受力求解数学模型,并编写求解程序,求得缆绳张力值和防护垫受力值,并与试验值进行比较,分析其相关规律性,判断计算方法的合理性,并作为以后相关工作重要参考。
本文试验在上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室完成,试验状态完备,试验设备和技术先进,试验数据和结果可信,并进行了系统的数据分析和理论计算,对实际的大型船舶码头双船系泊作业,尤其是大风浪状态下的大型船舶码头双船系泊作业提供了重要的参考,也为大型船舶码头系泊系统的进一步研究打下了良好的基础。
Because of the reduction of shipbuilding cycle、the increase of producing capacity and a long term of outfitting at quay,single ship mooring cannot meet the new requirement in shipbuilding. So, many shipyards apply two ships mooring at quay method to increase efficiency and shorten the period of producing. But hydrology and weather conditions is rather complex, so the safety about mooring at quay is quite important. Whether the two ships moored at quay side by side can stand with wind and wave forces, even typhoon’s strike to maintain safety of ships and quay, or the facilities’safety on the quay, we should do some research jobs. As to single ship moored at quay, we have done some theoretical and experimental work to guarantee its safety and we have got well effects. But as to two ships moored at quay side by side, there is no any research work so far, so in this dissertation, we do some work to solve the problem.
In this dissertation, through study on a model experiment about two ships moored at quay, I have analyzed and handling the experiment results and draft some charts, get a regular rule and give some reasonable advices. A mathematical model is established to calculate the environmental loads about two ships mooring, by theoretical calculation, we get the forces of ships in the environmental loads, and draft regular charts. At the same time, establish a mathematical model to calculate the forces of ropes and fenders in different environmental loads and write computer program to solve the mathematical model, and get the forces about ropes and fenders and compare with the results from experiment to estimate efficiency.
In this dissertation, the experiment is carried out in Shanghai jiaotong university ocean engineering state key laboratory, it includes complete situations. Eqipments and technology are advanced, data and results are trustable. We also have analysis about data and theoretical calculation about the system. The work of this dissertation can theoretically direct the practical two ships mooring busywork, especially in typhoon and make a firm ground for further study.
引文
[1] Department of Defense of U.S.A., Mooring Design, Department of Defense Handbook, Washington DC, 1999, July
[2] D. T. Brown, S. Mavrakos, Comparative Study on Mooring Line Dynamic Loading, Marine Structure, 1999, 12, 131~152
[3] Flory J. F., International and National Standards for Large Synthetic-Fiber Ropes, OTC 5382, 1987 Offshore Technology Conference Proc., Houston, May 1987, 233~244
[4] Flory J. F. and A. Ractliffe, Optimoor Mooring Analysis Computer Program Users Guide, Tension Technology International, Morristown, NJ and Eastbourne, U.K., 1993
[5] Flory J. F. and A. Ractliffe, Mooring Arrangement by Computer, Ship Operations, SNAME, Jersey City, NY, 1994
[6] Flory J. F., The Effect of Rope Elasticity on Distribution of Mooring Line Loads, Ocean Community Conference’98, Marine Technology Society, Washington, 1998, November
[7] Flory J. F., S. P. Banfield and A. Ractliffe, Computer Mooring Load Analysis to Improve Port Operations and Safety, Proceedings of PORTS’98, ASCE, Reston, 1998, March
[8] Flory J. F., A Method For Estimating Passing Ship Forces, ACSE Ports 2001 Conference, 2001, May
[9] Flory J. F., Good (and not so good) Mooring Practices, California State Lands Commission 1998 Oil Spill Symposium, Long Beach, 1998
[10] Flory J. F. and A. Ractiliffe, Mooring Arrangement Management by Computer, The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Jersey City, NJ, 1994
[11] 陈中一,陈基成,赵颖.在潮汐流作用下 25 万吨级油轮系缆力模型试验研究[J].海洋工程,1998,16(3):45~53.
[12] 高明,赵颖,黄根芳,规则泊作用下系泊船舶撞击能量综合分析与建议的计算式,水利水运科学研究,1990, 12 (4 ),367~379
[13] 顾成国,12500t 化学品/成品油船锚泊系泊设计,江苏船舶,2002,02
[14] 贾欣乐,杨盐生,船舶运动数学模型,大连,大连海事大学出版社,1999,294~358
[15] 李臻等.巨型船舶在大风浪中系泊模型试验研究,船舶工程,2003,06
[16] 李文龙,谭家华,超大型海洋浮式结构物系泊系统设计研究,中国海洋平台,2003 ,02
[17] 李向群,多点系泊船舶在波浪中的运动及其系泊力,交通部上海船舶运输科学研究所学报,1999, 01
[18] 刘应中,缪国平,二维物体的二阶波浪力,中国造船,1985, 90,1~16
[19] 刘应中,缪国平,船舶在波浪上的运动理论,上海上海交通大学出版社,1987
[20] 刘应中,缪国平,李谊乐,系泊系统动力分析的时域方法,上海交通大学学报,1997 ,11
[21] 罗伟等,码头双船系泊模型试验研究,船舶工程,2007,06
[22] 南京水科院材料结构研究所,波浪作用下 2-20 万吨船舶荷载试验综合分析与建议计算公式,1989
[23] OCIMF 出版物,大型船舶在直码头和岛式码头安全系泊的建议和准则,1979
[24] OCIMF, Prediction of Wind Loads and Current Loads on VLCCs, 1994
[25] 秦士元,系统分析,上海上海交通大学出版社,1987 ,72~98
[26] 上海交通大学海洋工程重点实验室,码头双船系泊模型试验研究报告,2007
[27] 上海交通大学海洋工程重点实验室,17.5 万吨好望角型散货船出坞与系泊模型试验研究报告,2002
[28] 盛振邦,海洋工程国家重点实验室,测试技术的新进展,上海交通大学学报,1996 ,10 ,Vol. 30 ,165~171
[29] 孙伯起,二阶平均漂移力和慢漂力的计算[博士学位论文] ,无锡,中国船舶科学研究中心
[30] 王宏志,系泊船舶在波浪上运动的数值计算[硕士学位论文],上海上海交通大学,1992
[31] 吴伦楷,“明思克”航空母舰成功系泊之所在,船舶,2001,06
[32] 向溢,谭家华,混沌优化方法在码头系泊船舶缆绳张力计算中的应用,武汉理工大学学报,2001,1
[33] 向溢,谭家华,码头系泊缆绳张力的蒙特卡洛算法,上海交通大学报,2001,Vol. 35
[34] 向溢,谭家华,码头系泊模型试验,海洋工程,2001,2
[35] 向溢, 谭家华,一种新型智能吊钩的研究与试验,起重运输机械,2001
[36] 向溢,谭家华,码头系泊船舶缆绳张力的混沌解法,武汉理工大学学报,2001,01
[37] 向溢,码头智能系泊系统,上海交通大学博士生论文,2001
[38] Xiang Yi, Tan Jiahua, Mooring Model Experiment and Forces Calculation, China Ocean Engineering, 2001, 01
[39] Xiang Yi, Tan Jiahua, Analysis of Mooring Lines Forces of a Berthed Ship,Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2002, Vol. 6 No. 3
[40] 杨启,黄小勇,李臻,17.5 万吨好望角型散货船出坞与系泊模型试验结果分析报告,上海交通大学船舶与海洋工程研究所,2002
[41] 余龙,深水多功能半潜式平台系泊系统设计的若干问题研究, 上海交通大学博士生论文,2005
[42] 张海文,大型船舶浮筒系泊断缆事故分析,交通部上海运输科学研究所学报,1992,15(3)
[43] 张芹,王鉴义,规则波作用下系泊船舶荷载模型试验研究,水运工程,1996,06
[44] 张日向,刘忠波,张宁川,系泊船在风浪流作用下系缆力和撞击力的试验研究,中国海洋平台,2003,第 18 卷,第 1 期
[45] 张亚赞,船舶在港系缆应注意的问题,世界海运,1998,3,0~3
[46] 周超骏,成学明,5000 吨油轮与人工岛之间碰撞力和缆索拉力试验研究,上海交通大学学报,1996,10,Vol. 30 ,64~68
[47] 邹志利,港口内靠码头系泊船运动的计算,海洋工程,1995,第 13 卷,第 3 期
[48] 邹志利,张日向,张宁川,风浪流作用下系泊船系缆力和碰撞力的数值模拟,中国海洋平台,2002,02